Part 1, Theory: The neo-classical production theory - a brief overview; homogenous production functions; non-homogenous production functions. Part 2, Applications: Returns to scale in branches of New Zealand manufacturing industry; elasticity of substitution and scale elasticity in branches of Australian and British industry; production functions in cricket; learning-by-doing, variable elasticity of substitution and economic growth in Japan, 1878-1939; aggregate and disaggregate production function estimates for the indian economy; log-linear nonhomogenous VES production function estimates for Cypriot manufacturing industry; non-homogenous VES production function estimates for Chinese industry, 1952-1985.