Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases

Introduction: History of Nuclear Bone Imaging. Histology and Physiology of Bone. Mechanism of Bone Adsorption of 99mTc-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals. Bone Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals. Fundamentals of Pinhole Scintigraphy. Rationale and Technique of Pinhole Scintigraphy. Clinical Applications.- Normal Skeletal Anatomy on Pinhole Scintigraphy: Skull and Face. Neck. Thoracic Cage. Shoulder. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine. Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joints. Pelvis and Hip. Limbs.- Infective and Inflammatory Diseases of Bone: Acute Osteomyelitis. Acute Infective Osteitis and Cortical Abscess. Acute Infective Periostitis. Subacute and Chronic Osteomyelitis. Special Forms of Osteomyelitis. Neonatal Osteomyelitis. Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garre. Osteomyelitis in Flat and Irregular Bones. Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot. Osteomyelitis of the Spine. Tuberculosis of Bone.- Noninfective Osteitides: Osteitis Condensans Ilii. Osteitis Pubis. Condensing Osteitis of the Clavicle. Sternocostoclavicular Hyperostosis. Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (Caffey's Disease). Osteitis Deformans (Paget's Disease). Odontogenous Osteitis of the Mandible (Periapical Abscess). Radiation Osteitis (Osteonecrosis).- Diseases of the Joints.- Infective Arthritis: Transient Synovitis of the Hip. Sympathetic or Sterile Synovitis. Synovitis in Renal Transplantation. Pyogenic Arthritis (Pyarthrosis). Pyogenic Sacroiliitis. Tuberculous Arthritis of Peripheral Joints.- Degenerative Joint Diseases: Osteoarthritis (Osteoarthrosis). Knee. Patella (Chondromalacia Patellae). Hip. Shoulder. Sternoclavicular Joints. Manubriosternal Joint. Elbow. Ankle. Spine. Other Sites. Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis. Other Degeneration-Related Diseases of the Spine.- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Hand. Wrist. Elbow. Shoulder. Sternoclavicular and Manubriosternal Joints. Foot. Ankle. Knee. Hip. Sacroiliac Joint. Spine. Temporomandibular Joint. Insufficiency Fracture in Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: Ankylosing Spondylitis. Reiter's Syndrome. Psoriatic Arthritis. Enteropathic Arthropathy.- Other Rheumatic Osteoarthropathies and Soft-Tissue Rheumatism Syndromes: Other Rheumatic Osteoarthropathies of Scintigraphic Interest. Soft-Tissue Rheumatism Syndromes.- Osteochondroses and Related Diseases: Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Capital Femoral Epiphysis). Friedrich's Disease (Medial Clavicular End). Freiberg's Infarction (Metatarsal Head). Scheuermann's Disease (Vertebral Secondary Ossification Center). Sever's Disease (Calcaneal Apophysis). Skipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Osteochondritis Dissecans. Tietze's Disease.- Vascular Bone Disorders: Avascular Osteonecrosis and Bone Infarction. Vascularity-Related Osteoporosis or Osteopenia. Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome. Transient Regional Osteoporosis. Transient Osteoporosis with Bone Marrow Edema. Transient Indolent Bone Tracer Uptake. Periostitis in Vascular Insufficiency.- Metabolic Bone Diseases: Involutional Osteoporosis. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Rickets and Osteomalacia.- Traumatic and Sports Injuries of Bone: Bone Contusion (Occult Intraosseous Fracture). Stress Fractures and Related Peri- and Endosteal Reaction. Covert Fractures. Surgical Bone Injuries. Arthroplasties and Fixation Devices. Healing of Fractures. Assessment of Vascularized Bone Implants. Complications of Traumatic Injuries.- Tumors and Tumorous Conditions of Bone: Metastatic Bone Tumors. Primary Malignant Bone Tumors. Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma). Chondrosarcoma. Ewing's Sarcoma. Fibrosarcoma. Myeloma (Plasma Cell Diseases). Chordoma. Periosteal Leiomyosarcoma. Benign Bone Tumors. Osteoid Osteoma. Enostosis (Compact Bone Island). Chondroma. Chondroblastoma. Fibrous Cortical Defect and Nonossifying Fibroma. Osteochondroma (Exostosis). Primary Bone Cysts. Giant Cell Tumor. Peri