History of septal surgery.- Surgical anatomy.- Nose examination.- Preoperative planning.- Septal deviation classification.- Incisions and approaches.- Traditional surgical methods (SMR, Cottle, Subtotal, extracorporeal).- Caudal septal deflections.- Dorsal deviations.- Dorso-caudal deviations.- Bony deviations.- Dorsum preservation and nasal septum.- Septal perforation.- Ancillary procedures.- Packing, splinting after septal surgery.