Wind Energy Generation: Modelling and Control
Erschienen am 24. Juli 2009
Buch
Hardcover
288 Seiten
978-0-470-71433-1 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
With increasing concern over climate change and the security of energy supplies, wind power is emerging as an important source of electrical energy throughout the world.
Modern wind turbines use advanced power electronics to provide efficient generator control and to ensure compatible operation with the power system. Wind Energy Generation describes the fundamental principles and modelling of the electrical generator and power electronic systems used in large wind turbines. It also discusses how they interact with the power system and the influence of wind turbines on power system operation and stability.
Key features:
* Includes a comprehensive account of power electronic equipment used in wind turbines and for their grid connection.
* Describes enabling technologies which facilitate the connection of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms.
* Provides detailed modelling and control of wind turbine systems.
* Shows a number of simulations and case studies which explain the dynamic interaction between wind power and conventional generation.
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Personen
Olimpo Anaya-Lara is a Lecturer in the Institute for Energy and Environment at the University of Strathclyde, UK. Over the course of his career, he has successfully undertaken research on power electronic equipment, control systems development, and stability and control of power systems with increased wind energy penetration. He was a member of the International Energy Agency Annexes XXI Dynamic models of wind farms for power system studies and XXIII Offshore wind energy technology development. He is currently a Member of the IEEE and IET, and has published 2 technical books, as well as over 80 papers in international journals and conference proceedings.
Nick Jenkins was at the University of Manchester (UMIST) from 1992 to 2008. In 2008 he moved to Cardiff University where he is now the Professor of Renewable Energy. His career includes 14 years of industrial experience, 5 of which were spent in developing countries. His final position before joining the university was as a Projects Director for the Wind Energy Group, a manufacturer of large wind turbines. He is a Fellow of the IET, IEEE and Royal Academy of Engineering. In 2009 and 2010 he was the Shimizu visiting professor at Stanford University.
Janaka Ekanayake joined Cardiff University as a Senior Lecturer in June 2008 from the University of Manchester where he was a Research Fellow. Since 1992 he has been attached to the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and was promoted to a Professor in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 2003. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Member of IET. His main research interests include power electronic applications for power systems, renewable energy generation and its integration. He has published more than 25 papers in refereed journals and has also coauthored a book.
Phill Cartwright has 20 years of industrial experience in the research, analyses, design and implementation of flexible power systems architectures and projects with ABB, ALSTOM and AREVA in Brazil, China, Europe, India and the USA. He is currently the Head of the global Electrical & Automation Systems business for Rolls-Royce Group Plc, providing integrated power systems products and technology for Civil Aerospace, Defence Aerospace, Marine Systems, New Nuclear and emerging Tidal Generation markets and developments. He is a visiting professor in Power Systems at The University of Strathclyde, UK.
Mike Hughes graduated from the University of Liverpool in 1961 with first class honours in electrical engineering. His initial career in the power industry was with the Associated Electrical Industries and The Nuclear Power Group, working on network analysis and control scheme design. From 1971 to 1999, he was with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology teaching and researching in the areas of power system dynamics and control. He is currently a part-time Research Fellow with Imperial College, London and a consultant in power plant control and wind generation systems.
Inhalt
About the Authors.
Preface.
Acronyms and Symbols.
1 Electricity Generation from Wind Energy.
1.1 Wind Farms.
1.2 Wind Energy-generating Systems.
1.3 Wind Generators Compared with Conventional Power Plant.
1.4 Grid Code Regulations for the Integration of Wind Generation.
References.
2 Power Electronics for Wind Turbines.
2.1 Soft-starter for FSIG Wind Turbines.
2.2 Voltage Source Converters (VSCs).
2.3 Application of VSCs for Variable-speed Systems.
References.
3 Modelling of Synchronous Generators.
3.1 Synchronous Generator Construction.
3.2 The Air-gap Magnetic Field of the Synchronous Generator.
3.3 Coil Representation of the Synchronous Generator.
3.4 Generator Equations in the dq Frame.
3.5 Steady-state Operation.
3.6 Synchronous Generator with Damper Windings.
3.7 Non-reduced Order Model.
3.8 Reduced-order Model.
3.9 Control of Large Synchronous Generators.
References.
4 Fixed-speed Induction Generator (FSIG)-based Wind Turbines.
4.1 Induction Machine Construction.
4.2 Steady-state Characteristics.
4.3 FSIG Configurations for Wind Generation.
4.4 Induction Machine Modelling.
4.5 Dynamic Performance of FSIG Wind Turbines.
References.
5 Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbines.
5.1 Typical DFIG Configuration.
5.2 Steady-state Characteristics.
5.3 Control for Optimum Wind Power Extraction.
5.4 Control Strategies for a DFIG.
5.5 Dynamic Performance Assessment.
References.
6 Fully Rated Converter-based (FRC) Wind Turbines.
6.1 FRC Synchronous Generator-based (FRC-SG) Wind Turbine.
6.2 FRC Induction Generator-based (FRC-IG) Wind Turbine.
References.
7 Influence of Rotor Dynamics on Wind Turbine Operation.
7.1 Blade Bending Dynamics.
7.2 Derivation of Three-mass Model.
7.3 Effective Two-mass Model.
7.4 Assessment of FSIG and DFIG Wind Turbine Performance.
Acknowledgement.
References.
8 Influence of Wind Farms on Network Dynamic Performance.
8.1 Dynamic Stability and its Assessment.
8.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Synchronous Generation.
8.3 A Synchronizing Power and Damping Power Model of a Synchronous Generator.
8.4 Influence of Automatic Voltage Regulator on Damping.
8.5 Influence on Damping of Generator Operating Conditions.
8.6 Influence of Turbine Governor on Generator Operation.
8.7 Transient Stability.
8.8 Voltage Stability.
8.9 Generic Test Network.
8.10 Influence of Generation Type on Network Dynamic Stability.
8.11 Dynamic Interaction of Wind Farms with the Network.
8.12 Influence of Wind Generation on Network Transient Performance.
References.
9 Power Systems Stabilizers and Network Damping Capability of Wind Farms.
9.1 A Power System Stabilizer for a Synchronous Generator.
9.2 A Power System Stabilizer for a DFIG.
9.3 A Power System Stabilizer for an FRC Wind Farm.
References.
10 The Integration of Wind Farms into the Power System.
10.1 Reactive Power Compensation.
10.2 HVAC Connections.
10.3 HVDC Connections.
10.4 Example of the Design of a Submarine Network.
Acknowledgement.
References.
11 Wind Turbine Control for System Contingencies.
11.1 Contribution of Wind Generation to Frequency Regulation.
11.2 Fault Ride-through (FRT).
References.
Appendix A: State-Space Concepts and Models.
Appendix B: Introduction to Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.
Appendix C: Linearization of State Equations.
Appendix D: Generic Network Model Parameters.
Index.