The Psychology of Learning

IntroductionChapter 1. Learning I Concept of Learning Imprinting Thorndike's Structure of S-R Bonds Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Skinner's Operant Conditioning Hull's Need ReductionChapter 2. Learning II Tolman's Sign Learning The "Gestalt" School Servo-mechanisms and Theoretical Models Deutsch; Miller's TOTE Plan; Lunzer Additional readingChapter 3. Memory Perception Broadbent's Model of Selective Attention Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Forgetting RNA and Memory Additional ReadingChapter 4. Motivation Concept of Motivation Objectives and Goals Bloom's Taxonomy Self-concepts and Ego-involvement Social-group Influences Arousal and Vigilance Additional ReadingChapter 5. Skills Nature of Skill Welford's Model of Sensori-motor Performance The Acquisition of Skill Teaching Skills Fatigue Transfer of Training Additional ReadingChapter 6. Language Communication in Man and Animals Acquisition of Language Behaviorist Theories Pavlov; Skinner Early Language Ddevelopment Babbling and Imitation; Open and Pivot Words; Expansion and Elaboration Social Aspects Bernstein; Luria and Yudovitch Chomsky's Rule Generation Theory Some Psycholinguistic Experiments Social Class Differences in Rule Mastery; Difficulty in Making Sentence Transformations; Yngve's Depth Hypothesis; Language and Memory Storage; Phrase Structure and Perception; Function Words and Inflections Semantics Word Association; Semantic Differential Language Learning Additional ReadingChapter 7. Thinking and Problem-solving Concepts Piaget's Theory (a) Sensori-motor (b) Preconceptual Thought (c) Intuitive Thought (d) Concrete Operations (e) Formal Operations Educational Implications of Piaget's Work Learning Concepts, Rules and Principles Harlow's Learning Set; Language and Thought; Gagnés Model Problem-solving Bruner on Scanning and Focusing; Algorithmic and Heuristic Approaches Principles of Problem-solving Additional ReadingChapter 8. Intelligence and Ability Concept of Intelligence Fallacies about Intelligence Innate and Fixed; Development Peaks; National Intelligence is Declining; Distribution of intelligence; Compensatory factors Types of Intelligence Test The Structure of Abilities and Factor Analysis Creativity and its Assessment Additional ReadingChapter 9. Personality Concept of Personality Personality Assessment Theories of Personality Development Eysenck; Cattell, Psychoanalytic Physique and Temperament Assessment in Schools Anxiety and Achievement Alleviating Stress Personality and Achievement Additional ReadingChapter 10. Educational Technology Introduction Programmed Learning Pressey's Teaching Machine; Skinner's Linear Program; Crowder's Branching Technique; Effectiveness of Programmed Learning; Computer-assisted Methods Audio-visual Aids Games and Simulation Algorithms Effectiveness of Audio-visual Techniques Additional ReadingChapter 11. Moral Behavior Concept of Morality Piaget's Theory Kohlberg's Theory Moral Development and Learning Theory Discipline and Order Rules Punishment Discipline: The School and the Community Additional ReadingNotes on Some Statistical and Technical Terms Used in Psychometrics Standard Deviation Correlation Coefficient Reliability of a Test Validity Objectivity in Marking Standardization for AgeTitles and Publishers of Tests Mentioned in the TextReferences to Authors Cited in the TextAuthor IndexSubject Index