Learning to Solve Problems
An Instructional Design Guide
Published on 20. January 2004
Book
Paperback/Softback
256 pages
978-0-7879-6437-5 (ISBN)
Description
Learning to Solve Problems is a much-needed book that describes models for designing interactive learning environments to support how to learn and solve different kinds of problems. Using a research-based approach, author David H. Jonassen?a recognized expert in the field?shows how to design instruction to support three kinds of problems: story problems, troubleshooting, and case and policy analysis problems. Filled with models and job aids, this book describes different approaches for representing problems to learners and includes information about technology-based tools that can help learners mentally represent problems for themselves. Jonassen also explores methods for associating different solutions to problems and discusses various processes for reflecting on the problem solving process. Learning to Solve Problems also includes three methods for assessing problem-solving skills?performance assessment, component skills; and argumentation.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
John Wiley & Sons Inc
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
Screen captures: 60 B&W, 0 Color; Tables: 32 B&W, 0 Color
Dimensions
Height: 243 mm
Width: 183 mm
Thickness: 22 mm
Weight
694 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-7879-6437-5 (9780787964375)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
THE AUTHOR
David H. Jonassen is a Distinguished Professor at the School of Information Science and Learning Technologies in the College of Education at the University of Missouri. He has edited, authored, or coauthored more than twenty-five books, as well as hundreds of articles in journals, industry publications, and edited collections. Separate studies have shown that Jonassen is the most widely published and cited author in the instructional design field.
David H. Jonassen is a Distinguished Professor at the School of Information Science and Learning Technologies in the College of Education at the University of Missouri. He has edited, authored, or coauthored more than twenty-five books, as well as hundreds of articles in journals, industry publications, and edited collections. Separate studies have shown that Jonassen is the most widely published and cited author in the instructional design field.
Content
List of Figures, Tables, and Exhibits xv
Acknowledgments xix
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1: What is Problem Solving? 1
What are Problems, and How Do They Vary? 3
Structuredness 3
Complexity 5
Dynamicity 5
Domain (Context) Specificity/Abstractness 6
What is Problem Solving, and How Does it Vary? 6
Story Problems 10
Troubleshooting Problems 12
Case and System and Policy Analysis Problems 14
Summary 17
Chapter 2: Designing Learning Environments to Support Problem Solving 19
Story Problems 20
Problem Type and Typology 20
Worked Examples 27
Practice Items 28
Content Instruction 28
Summary 28
Troubleshooting Problems 29
Conceptual Model 31
Troubleshooter 32
Case Library 34
Worked Examples 35
Practice Items 35
Case, Systems, or Policy Analysis Problems 36
Problem Presentation 37
Problem Representation Tools 41
Summary 45
Chapter 3: Presenting Problems to Learners 47
Problem Posing 48
Anchoring Problems in Macrocontexts 50
Case-Based Instruction 52
Components of Case Problems 53
Case Format 54
Summary 56
Chapter 4: Tools for Representing Problems by Learners 59
Representing Semantic Organization 61
Representing Causal Reasoning 64
Causal Modeling 65
Influence Diagrams 68
Expert Systems 70
Modeling Dynamic Systems 77
Summary 81
Chapter 5: Associating Solutions with Problems 85
Worked Examples: Modeling Performance 86
Subgoals 89
Self-Explanations 89
Using Worked Examples 90
Case Libraries: Teaching with Stories 92
Supporting Problem Solving with Stories 95
Collecting Stories 100
Cognitive Flexibility Hypertexts: Conveying Complexity 101
Understanding Sexual Harassment 103
Freedom of Expression 105
Medical Diagnosis 106
Summary 108
Chapter 6: Supporting Solutions 111
Simulations 112
Using Microworlds to Simulate Solutions 112
Building Learning Objects to Simulate Solutions 115
Building Simulations of Problems 117
Using Versus Building Simulations 121
Argumentation 122
Argumentation Skills 123
Argumentation Technologies 124
Summary 132
Chapter 7: Reflecting on Problem-Solving Processes 135
Peer Instruction and Thinking-Aloud Pair Problem Solving 137
Peer Instruction 137
Thinking-Aloud Pair Problem Solving 139
Teachbacks and Abstracted Replays 140
Teachbacks 140
Abstracted Replays 140
Coding Protocols 141
Summary 143
Chapter 8: Assessing Problem Solutions and Learning 145
Assessing Problem-Solving Performance 147
Constructing Rubrics 148
Heuristics for Developing an Effective Rubric 159
Assessing Component Skills 162
Story Problems 167
Troubleshooting Problems 169
Case Analysis Problems 171
Knowledge Representation Tools 171
Assessing Argumentation and Justification 173
Objective Forms of Assessment of Argumentation 173
Coding Student Arguments 175
Assessing Student Essays and Problem-Solving Accounts 176
Summary 181
References 183
Index 201
About the Author 211
About the Series Editors 213
About the Advisory Board Members 217
Acknowledgments xix
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1: What is Problem Solving? 1
What are Problems, and How Do They Vary? 3
Structuredness 3
Complexity 5
Dynamicity 5
Domain (Context) Specificity/Abstractness 6
What is Problem Solving, and How Does it Vary? 6
Story Problems 10
Troubleshooting Problems 12
Case and System and Policy Analysis Problems 14
Summary 17
Chapter 2: Designing Learning Environments to Support Problem Solving 19
Story Problems 20
Problem Type and Typology 20
Worked Examples 27
Practice Items 28
Content Instruction 28
Summary 28
Troubleshooting Problems 29
Conceptual Model 31
Troubleshooter 32
Case Library 34
Worked Examples 35
Practice Items 35
Case, Systems, or Policy Analysis Problems 36
Problem Presentation 37
Problem Representation Tools 41
Summary 45
Chapter 3: Presenting Problems to Learners 47
Problem Posing 48
Anchoring Problems in Macrocontexts 50
Case-Based Instruction 52
Components of Case Problems 53
Case Format 54
Summary 56
Chapter 4: Tools for Representing Problems by Learners 59
Representing Semantic Organization 61
Representing Causal Reasoning 64
Causal Modeling 65
Influence Diagrams 68
Expert Systems 70
Modeling Dynamic Systems 77
Summary 81
Chapter 5: Associating Solutions with Problems 85
Worked Examples: Modeling Performance 86
Subgoals 89
Self-Explanations 89
Using Worked Examples 90
Case Libraries: Teaching with Stories 92
Supporting Problem Solving with Stories 95
Collecting Stories 100
Cognitive Flexibility Hypertexts: Conveying Complexity 101
Understanding Sexual Harassment 103
Freedom of Expression 105
Medical Diagnosis 106
Summary 108
Chapter 6: Supporting Solutions 111
Simulations 112
Using Microworlds to Simulate Solutions 112
Building Learning Objects to Simulate Solutions 115
Building Simulations of Problems 117
Using Versus Building Simulations 121
Argumentation 122
Argumentation Skills 123
Argumentation Technologies 124
Summary 132
Chapter 7: Reflecting on Problem-Solving Processes 135
Peer Instruction and Thinking-Aloud Pair Problem Solving 137
Peer Instruction 137
Thinking-Aloud Pair Problem Solving 139
Teachbacks and Abstracted Replays 140
Teachbacks 140
Abstracted Replays 140
Coding Protocols 141
Summary 143
Chapter 8: Assessing Problem Solutions and Learning 145
Assessing Problem-Solving Performance 147
Constructing Rubrics 148
Heuristics for Developing an Effective Rubric 159
Assessing Component Skills 162
Story Problems 167
Troubleshooting Problems 169
Case Analysis Problems 171
Knowledge Representation Tools 171
Assessing Argumentation and Justification 173
Objective Forms of Assessment of Argumentation 173
Coding Student Arguments 175
Assessing Student Essays and Problem-Solving Accounts 176
Summary 181
References 183
Index 201
About the Author 211
About the Series Editors 213
About the Advisory Board Members 217