Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems

List of Contributors Preface 1. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Strategies I. Introduction II. The Evolution of the Two Sexes III. Gamete Investment Versus Other Reproductive Effort IV. The Evolution of Internal Fertilization V. Sperm Competition and Conflicting Evolutionary Forces VI. Female Interests (Mate Choice, Diversity of Progeny, Sperm Depletion, Paternal Investment) VII. Resolution of Sexual Conflict: Evolutionary Dynamics of Sperm Competition Systems VIII. Expenditure on Paternity Assurance IX. Multiple Versus Single Ejaculation X. Sperm Competition and Male-male Disputes XI. Sperm Size and Number With Internal Fertilization XII. Summary References 2. Male Sperm Competition Avoidance Mechanisms: The Influence of Female Interests I. Introduction II. Costs to Females III. The Resolution of Conflicting Male and Female Interests IV. Natural History Patterns and Model Parameters V. Summary References 3. Sperm in Competition I. Introduction II. Intraejaculate Competition and Male/Gamete Conflict III. Interejaculate Competition IV. Competition Between Choosing Females and Sperm V. Competition Among Symbiotic Genomes VI. Discussion and Conclusions VII. Summary References 4. Male Mating Effort, Confidence of Paternity, and Insect Sperm Competition I. Introduction II. Mating Effort, Parental Effort, and the Evolution of Sexual Differences III. Evolution of Nonpromiscuous Mating Effort and Parental Effort IV. Can Mating Effort and Parental Effort Be Distinguished? V. Paternal Investment and Confidence of Paternity in Insects VI. Insect Sperm Competition Studies VII. Paternal Investment and Sperm Precedence VIII. Paternity-ensuring Mechanisms IX. Discussion and Conclusions X. Summary References 5. Alternative Hypotheses for Traits Believed to Have Evolved by Sperm Competition I. Introduction II. The Dorsal Clamp of Male Panorpa III. Other Traits Often Viewed as Evolved by Sperm Competition IV. Methodology Used to Study Evolved Function V. Summary References 6. Sperm Transfer and Utilization Strategies in Arachnids: Ecological and Morphological Constraints I. Introduction II. Indirect Sperm Transfer Without Pair Formation (Group II) III. Indirect Sperm Transfer With Pair Formation (Group I) IV. Direct Sperm Transfer (Group III) V. Summary References 7. Evolution of Sperm Priority Patterns in Spiders I. Introduction II. Current Knowledge on Spider Sperm Priority III. Phylogenetic Constraints IV. Sperm Priority: The Female Perspective V. Sperm Precedence: The Male Perspective VI. Combined Perspectives VII. Summary References 8. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Odonate Mating Systems I. Introduction II. Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition III. Demonstrating Sperm Competition in Odonates IV. Sperm Displacement Ability V. Sperm Competition and Odonate Postcopulatory Behavior VI. Odonate Mating Systems VII. Summary References9. Multiple Mating and Sperm Competition in the Lepidoptera I. Introduction II. Reproductive Anatomy and Sperm Dynamics III. Mating Frequency in Natural Populations IV. Sperm Priority Patterns and Evolution of Mating Behavior V. Summary References 10. Sperm Transfer and Use in the Multiple Mating System of Drosophila I. Introduction II. Sperm Storage and Utilization III. Repeated Mating IV. Mechanisms of Sperm Predominance V. Evolutionary Significance VI. Summary References 11. Sperm Competition, Kinship, and Sociality in the Aculeate Hymenoptera I. Introduction II. Hymenoptera Reproductive Biology III. Sperm Competition in the Aculeata IV. Social Consequences of Sperm Competition V.