Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems

List of Contributors
Preface
1. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Strategies
I. Introduction
II. The Evolution of the Two Sexes
III. Gamete Investment Versus Other Reproductive Effort
IV. The Evolution of Internal Fertilization
V. Sperm Competition and Conflicting Evolutionary Forces
VI. Female Interests (Mate Choice, Diversity of Progeny, Sperm Depletion, Paternal Investment)
VII. Resolution of Sexual Conflict: Evolutionary Dynamics of Sperm Competition Systems
VIII. Expenditure on Paternity Assurance
IX. Multiple Versus Single Ejaculation
X. Sperm Competition and Male-male Disputes
XI. Sperm Size and Number With Internal Fertilization
XII. Summary
References
2. Male Sperm Competition Avoidance Mechanisms: The Influence of Female Interests
I. Introduction
II. Costs to Females
III. The Resolution of Conflicting Male and Female Interests
IV. Natural History Patterns and Model Parameters
V. Summary
References
3. Sperm in Competition
I. Introduction
II. Intraejaculate Competition and Male/Gamete Conflict
III. Interejaculate Competition
IV. Competition Between Choosing Females and Sperm
V. Competition Among Symbiotic Genomes
VI. Discussion and Conclusions
VII. Summary
References
4. Male Mating Effort, Confidence of Paternity, and Insect Sperm Competition
I. Introduction
II. Mating Effort, Parental Effort, and the Evolution of Sexual Differences
III. Evolution of Nonpromiscuous Mating Effort and Parental Effort
IV. Can Mating Effort and Parental Effort Be Distinguished?
V. Paternal Investment and Confidence of Paternity in Insects
VI. Insect Sperm Competition Studies
VII. Paternal Investment and Sperm Precedence
VIII. Paternity-ensuring Mechanisms
IX. Discussion and Conclusions
X. Summary
References
5. Alternative Hypotheses for Traits Believed to Have Evolved by Sperm Competition
I. Introduction
II. The Dorsal Clamp of Male Panorpa
III. Other Traits Often Viewed as Evolved by Sperm Competition
IV. Methodology Used to Study Evolved Function
V. Summary
References
6. Sperm Transfer and Utilization Strategies in Arachnids: Ecological and Morphological Constraints
I. Introduction
II. Indirect Sperm Transfer Without Pair Formation (Group II)
III. Indirect Sperm Transfer With Pair Formation (Group I)
IV. Direct Sperm Transfer (Group III)
V. Summary
References
7. Evolution of Sperm Priority Patterns in Spiders
I. Introduction
II. Current Knowledge on Spider Sperm Priority
III. Phylogenetic Constraints
IV. Sperm Priority: The Female Perspective
V. Sperm Precedence: The Male Perspective
VI. Combined Perspectives
VII. Summary
References
8. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Odonate Mating Systems
I. Introduction
II. Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition
III. Demonstrating Sperm Competition in Odonates
IV. Sperm Displacement Ability
V. Sperm Competition and Odonate Postcopulatory Behavior
VI. Odonate Mating Systems
VII. Summary
References
9. Multiple Mating and Sperm Competition in the Lepidoptera
I. Introduction
II. Reproductive Anatomy and Sperm Dynamics
III. Mating Frequency in Natural Populations
IV. Sperm Priority Patterns and Evolution of Mating Behavior
V. Summary
References
10. Sperm Transfer and Use in the Multiple Mating System of Drosophila
I. Introduction
II. Sperm Storage and Utilization
III. Repeated Mating
IV. Mechanisms of Sperm Predominance
V. Evolutionary Significance
VI. Summary
References
11. Sperm Competition, Kinship, and Sociality in the Aculeate Hymenoptera
I. Introduction
II. Hymenoptera Reproductive Biology
III. Sperm Competition in the Aculeata
IV. Social Consequences of Sperm Competition
V. Conclusion: What Is To Be Done?
VI. Summary
References
12. Sperm Competition in Poeciliid Fishes
I. Introduction
II. Biology of Poeciliid Fishes
III. Behavior of Poeciliid Fishes
IV. Multiple Insemination
V. Sperm Replacement
VI. The Role of Sperm Competition in the Evolution of Poeciliid Reproductive Traits
VII. Summary
References
13. Sperm Competition in Amphibians
I. Introduction
II. Anurans
III. Apodans
IV. Urodeles
V. Mating in Hynobiids
VI. Testing for Sperm Competition
VII. Summary
References
14. Potential for Sperm Competition in Reptiles: Behavioral and Physiological Consequences
I. Introduction
II. Prerequisites for Sperm Competition in Reptiles
III. Sperm Competition in Females and Its Evolutionary Consequences for Males
IV. Factors Influencing the Inclination to Mate More Than Once
V. Summary
References
15. Sperm Competition in Apparently Monogamous Birds
I. Introduction
II. Physiological Considerations
III. Copulatory Behavior in Birds
IV. Forced Copulation and Sperm Competition in Waterfowl
V. Extrapair Copulation in Other Monogamous Birds
VI. Extrapair Copulation in Partially Monogamous Birds
VII. Discussion
VIII. Summary
References
16. Sperm Competition in Muroid Rodents
I. Introduction
II. Reproductive Systems in Rodents
III. Sperm Competition, Order Effects, and Differential Fertilizing Capacity
IV. Implications and Extensions of Studies of Mating Order and Differential Fertilizing Capacity
V. Ejaculation Frequency and Sperm Competition
VI. Simultaneous Sperm Competition
VII. Implications for the Evolution of Mating Strategies
VIII. Conclusions and Directions for Further Research
IX. Summary
References
17. Sperm Competition? The Case of Vespertilionid and Rhinolophid Bats
I. Introduction
II. Chastity Plugs?
III. "Disco" Mating System
IV. Sperm Competition?
V. What Next?
VI. Summary
References
18. Sperm Competition, Testes Size, and Breeding Systems in Primates
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
V. Summary
References
19. Human Sperm Competition
I. Introduction
II. Human Sperm Competition in Context
III. Potential Female Benefits from Facultative Polyandry
IV. Possible Female Costs of Facultative Polyandry
V. Evidence for Human Sperm Competition
VI. Comparative Hominoid Reproductive and Social Biology
VII. Human Attributes Possibly Evolved in the Context of Sperm Competition
VIII. Sperm Competition and Human Evolution
IX. Summary
References
Index