Utilitarianism

Preface -- I Introduction: The Character of the Theory -- II Four Ancient Moralists -- 1 MoTzu -- 2 Jesus -- 3 Aristotle -- 4 Epir:urus -- III Utilitarianism and Enlightenment -- I Chastellux and Helvetius -- 2 Hutcheson -- 3 Hume -- 4 Priestley and Paley -- 5 Godwin -- 6 Bentham -- IV John Stuart Mill -- I Early years -- 2 James Mill -- 3 The importance of character -- 4 Higher and lower pleasures -- 5 The 'proof of utility' -- 6 Utility and justice -- V Some Later Developments -- I Intuitional utilitarianism: Sidgwick -- 2 Ideal Utilitarianism: Moore and Rashdall -- 3 Rule-utilitarianism -- VI Happiness and Other Ends -- I Preference and happiness -- 2 Dominant- and inclusive-end conceptions of happiness -- 3 Problems about multiple ends -- 4 Two contrasting responses -- VII Maximisation, Fairness and Respect for Persons -- I Is utilitarian justice just? -- 2 Panem et circenses -- 3 'Whoever debases others is debasing himself' -- 4 But should the consequences count? -- 5 Limitations of the self-respect argument -- 6 Archangels, proles and the natural man -- VIII Utilitarianism and Personality -- I Does utilitarian morality demand too much? -- 2 The hard line: utilitarians should be saints -- 3 A softer line: utilitarians may be human -- 4 Maximisation and alienation -- 5 Non-alienating direct utilitarianism -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.