Intrinsic Point Defects, Impurities, and Their Diffusion in Silicon
Published on 6. December 2012
XXI, 554 pages
978-3-7091-0597-9 (ISBN)
Description
Basically all properties of semiconductor devices are influenced by the distribution of point defects in their active areas. This book contains the first comprehensive review of the properties of intrinsic point defects, acceptor and donor impurities, isovalent atoms, chalcogens, and halogens in silicon, as well as of their complexes. Special emphasis is placed on compiling the structures, energetic properties, identified electrical levels and spectroscopic signatures, and the diffusion behavior from experimental and theoretical investigations. In addition, the book discusses the fundamental concepts of silicon and its defects, the electron system, diffusion, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics which form the scientific basis needed for a thorough understanding of the text. Therefore, the book is able to provide an introduction to newcomers in this field up to a comprehensive reference for experts in process technology, solid-state physics, and simulation of semiconductor processes.
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11/2012
Springer
€320.99
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Content
Fundamental Concepts.- 1.1 Silicon and Its Imperfections.- 1.2 The Electron System.- 1.3 Phenomenological and Atomistic Approaches to Diffusion.- 1.4 Thermodynamics.- 1.5 Reaction Kinetics.- 1.6 Exchange of Matter Between Phases.- 2 Intrinsic Point Defects.- 2.1 Concentration in Thermal Equilibrium.- 2.2 Diffusion of Intrinsic Point Defects.- 2.3 Self-Diffusion and Tracer Diffusion.- 2.4 Vacancies.- 2.5 Self-Interstitials.- 2.6 Frenkel Pairs.- 2.7 Bulk Recombination and Bulk Processes.- 2.8 Surface Recombination and Surface Processes.- 2.9 Initial Conditions.- 3 Impurity Diffusion in Silicon.- 3.1 Basic Mechanisms.- 3.2 Impurity-Point-Defect Pairs.- 3.3 Diffusion of Substitutional Impurities via Mobile Complexes with Intrinsic Point Defects.- 3.4 Pair-Diffusion Models.- 3.5 Frank-Turnbull Mechanism.- 3.6 Kick-Out Mechanism.- 4 Isovalent Impurities.- 4.1 Carbon.- 4.2 Germanium.- 4.3 Tin.- 5 Dopants.- 5.1 Dopant Clusters.- 5.2 Ion Pairing.- 5.3 Boron.- 5.4 Aluminum.- 5.5 Gallium.- 5.6 Indium.- 5.7 Nitrogen.- 5.8 Phosphorus.- 5.9 Arsenic.- 5.10 Antimony.- 6 Chalcogens.- 6.1 Oxygen.- 6.2 Sulfur.- 6.3 Selenium.- 6.4 Tellurium.- 7 Halogens.- 7.1 Fluorine.- 7.2 Chlorine.- 7.3 Bromine.- List of Tables.- List of Figures.
