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With PARMENIDES began what is called, in more specific terms, true Philosophy.
The Eleatic, and his Poem, constitute a "beacon" whose light illumined Plato and even Aristotle, and consequently all the philosophers that followed.
Parmenides laid down several fundamental philosophical principles:
1. The Being as foundation of all the existent
2. The principle of identity, Being is identical to itself
3. The principle of non-contradiction
4. The principle of a-temporality or eternal present
5. An initiatory philosophical vision of an experiential order
For Parmenides the primary aim is the research for the ultimate Truth, and he, Parmenides, has introduced the mortals to the straight path of wisdom:
"... and here immediately through the gate the maidens steered the chariot and the mares straight onto the road. The Goddess kindly welcomed me and took my right hand in hers and addressing me she uttered so: "O young companion, led by the mares and immortal charioteers, you come to our home: rejoice, for no adverse Moira sent you to travel this path - which is far from the way traveled by men - but Themis and Dike"
The transition from one state of consciousness to another higher one, in a completely objectivistic society, is a revolutionary event, and also of this consists Parmenides' greatness and importance in contemporary life.
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978-1-931406-22-2 (9781931406222)
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The date of Parmenides' birth is uncertain but, according to the indications of Apollodoros, it can be placed between the sixth and the fifth centuries B.C. Parmenides was born in Magna Graecia, in Elea (today's Velia, Italy) located on the coast of Campania south of Paestum into a family of noble lineage and quite well off. It is known that he governed and gave very good laws to his city (in those days, as it happened, cities were governed by Philosophers), and every year the Eleans pledged their loyalty to those laws. The Pythagorean Ameinias introduced Parmenides to the peace of contemplation, and because of this relationship, Parmenides himself is considered a Pythagorean.
Parmenides was the first metaphysician in the history of Western philosophy. Metaphysician because he positioned himself beyond time, space and cause.
In the field of Western Philosophy Parmenides' influence can be noted by the following:
- A logical dialectical rigor in the exposition
- An existential vision addressed to the human entity
- A truth coming from on high and not empirically theorized or conceptualized by the dianoetic mind
Such a sacred vision can be revolutionary in a culture that, given the signs of the times, is characterized by a gloomy spiritual, ethical, cultural and political impoverishment.
Introduction 9
The Way that leads to Being 17
Being 21
Introduction to the Proem 31
ON THE ORDER OF NATURE 41
Fragment 1, Proem 43
Fragments 2 - 7 49
Preamble to Fragment 8 57
Fragment 8 63
Introduction to the world of appearances 71
Fragments 8 (contd.) - 19 87
Notes to the Fragments 99
Bibliographic Reference 117
Glossary 119
Raphael: Unity of Tradition 127
