Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies
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Professor Glenn Matfin, MSc (Oxon), MB ChB, FACE, FACP, FRCP, is a Consultant Physician in Acute and General Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology in the UK National Health Service; and Professor of Medicine, MBRU College of Medicine, Dubai, UAE.
Content
Notes on Contributors x
Foreword xv
Preface xvi
List of Abbreviations xviii
Part I General Aspects of AcuteMedical Emergencies 1
Introduction: AcuteMedical Care: A Crisis with Solutions 3
GlennMatfin
1 Early Management of AcuteMedical Emergencies 10
Paul J. Frost and Matt P.Wise
Part II General Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Acute and Critical Illness 21
Introduction: Endocrine Testing and Responses in Acute and Critical Illness 23
David B. Sacks
2 Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness 28
Reza Morovat
3 Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications 60
Jan Gunst, Eva Boonen, and Greet Van den Berghe
Part III Special Populations 83
4 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Pregnancy 85
Anita Banerjee and CatherineWilliamson
5 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Acute Presentations in Adulthood 98
Elaine Murphy and Robin H. Lachmann
6 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transitional Care 110
Mabel Yau andMark A. Sperling
7Emergency Perioperative Diabetes and Endocrine Management 129
Glenn Matfin, Kate Evans, and Ketan Dhatariya
8 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in HIV/AIDS 151
Katherine Samaras
9 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Late-Effects Patients: Consequences of Cancer Therapy 160
Helena Gleeson and Andrew Toogood
10 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transplantation 171
Robert A. Wermers and Pankaj Shah
11 Endocrine and Metabolic Changes with Aging: Endocrin-Aging: Recognizing and Managing Care in Older Frail Persons 182
Angela M. Abbatecola and John E.Morley
Part IV Pituitary Disorders 195
Introduction: Emergency Management of Pituitary Disorders 197
Edward R. Laws and Ursula B. Kaiser
12 Hypopituitarism 203
Nicholas A. Tritos and Anne Klibanski
13 Pituitary Apoplexy 218
Claire Briet and Philippe Chanson
14 Macroprolactinomas 231
Mark E. Molitch
Part V Thyroid Disorders 243
Introduction: Emergency Management of Thyroid Disorders 245
Hossein Gharib
15 Myxedema Coma 252
Natasha Kasid and James V. Hennessey
16 Life-Threatening Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Storm and Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs 262
Alicia L.Warnock, David S. Cooper, and Henry B. Burch
17 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis 284
Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Luigi Bartalena, and Enio Martino
18 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis 296
Mark Vanderpump
19 Sight-Threatening Graves'Orbitopathy 305
Rebecca S. Bahn and James A. Garrity
Part VI Adrenal Disorders 313
Introduction: Emergency Management of Adrenal Disorders 315
Anand Vaidya
20 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 321
Glenn Matfin
21 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing's Syndrome 345
Krystallenia I. Alexandraki and Ashley B. Grossman
22 Endocrine Hypertensive Emergencies 355
Graeme Eisenhofer, Andrzej Januszewicz, Christina Pamporaki, and Jacques W. M. Lenders
Part VII Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 375
Introduction: Emergency Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 377
John P. Bilezikian
23 Hypocalcemia 380
Glenn Matfin
24 Hypercalcemia 400
Glenn Matfin
25 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Phosphate Disorders 422
Anda R. Gonciulea and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur
26 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Osteoporosis and Its Therapy 433
Dima L. Diab and Nelson B.Watts
27 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Paget's Disease of Bone 447
Ethel S. Siris and Dorothy A. Fink
28 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Kidney Stones 454
Hasan Fattah and David S. Goldfarb
Part VIII Neuroendocrine Tumors 465
Introduction: Emergency Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors 467
Kjell Oberg
29 Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies Related to Neuroendocrine Tumors 472
Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, and Ashley B. Grossman
Part IX Glucose Disorders 485
Introduction: Emergency Management of Glucose Disorders 487
Gerry Rayman
30 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Non-Critical Care Hospital Settings 491
Rodolfo J. Galindo and Guillermo E. Umpierrez
31 Hypoglycemia 506
Elizabeth M. Lamos, Lisa M. Younk, and Stephen N. Davis
32 Severe Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 531
Ketan Dhatariya and GlennMatfin
33 Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Newly Presenting Type Diabetes 548
Wen Xu, David Owens, and JianpingWeng
34 Management of Concentrated Insulins in Acute Care Settings 560
Nuha El Sayed, Megan J. Ritter, and Alissa R. Segal
35 Management of Insulin Pumps in Hospitalized Patients 571
Bithika M. Thompson, Patricia A. Mackey, and Curtiss B. Cook
36 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia during Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 584
Aidar R. Gosmanov and Niyaz R. Gosmanov
37 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Renal Insufficiency 598
Glenn Matfin
38 Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia 616
Han Na Kim and NestorasMathioudakis
39 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Stroke, and Acute Heart Failure 632
Miles Fisher
40 Acute Diabetic Foot 648
Glenn Matfin
Part X Sodium Disorders 673
Introduction: Emergency Management of Sodium Disorders 675
Richard H. Sterns
41 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia 679
Joseph G. Verbalis
42 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hypernatremia 700
Aoife Garrahy and Christopher Thompson
Part XI Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 717
Introduction: Emergency Management Related to Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 719
Robert H. Eckel
43 Acute Emergencies Related to Bariatric Surgery 723
Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick
44 Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis 742
Anthony S. Wierzbicki
45 Statin-Related Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis 760
Connie B. Newman and Jonathan A. Tobert
Index 775
Notes on Contributors
- Angela M. Abbatecola
-
Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Districts B,C,D
Frosinone, Italy
- Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
-
National University of Athens
Athens, Greece
- Rebecca S. Bahn
-
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, USA
- Anita Banerjee
-
Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital
London, UK
- Luigi Bartalena
-
University of Insubria
Varese, Italy
- John P. Bilezikian
-
Columbia University
New York, USA
- Fausto Bogazzi
-
University of Pisa
Pisa, Italy
- Eva Boonen
-
KU Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
- Claire Briet
-
Centre hospitalier universitaire d'Angers
Angers, France
- Henry B. Burch
-
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Bethesda, USA
- Philippe Chanson
-
Bicêtre University Hospital
Paris, France
- Curtiss B. Cook
-
Mayo Clinic Arizona
Scottsdale, USA
- David S. Cooper
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Stephen N. Davis
-
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Ketan Dhatariya
-
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Norwich, UK
- Dima L. Diab
-
University of Cincinnati Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center
Cincinnati, USA
- Robert H. Eckel
-
University of Colorado
Denver, USA
- Graeme Eisenhofer
-
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
Dresden, Germany
- Nuha El Sayed
-
Joslin Diabetes Center
Boston, USA
- Kate Evans
-
Derriford Hospital
Plymouth, UK
- Hasan Fattah
-
NYU Langone Medical Center
New York, USA
- Dorothy A. Fink
-
Hospital for Special Surgery
New York, USA
- Miles Fisher
-
Glasgow Royal Infirmary
Glasgow, UK
- Paul J. Frost
-
University Hospital of Wales
Cardiff, UK
- Rodolfo J. Galindo
-
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, USA
- Aoife Garrahy
-
Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School
Dublin, Ireland
- James A. Garrity
-
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, USA
- Hossein Gharib
-
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, USA
- Helena Gleeson
-
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham, UK
- David S. Goldfarb
-
NYU Langone Medical Center
New York, USA
- Anda R. Gonciulea
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Aidar R. Gosmanov
-
Albany Medical College
Albany, USA
- Niyaz R. Gosmanov
-
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, USA
- Ashley B. Grossman
-
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism
Oxford, UK
- Jan Gunst
-
KU Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
- James V. Hennessey
-
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, USA
- Suzanne M. Jan de Beur
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Andrzej Januszewicz
-
Institute of Cardiology
Warsaw, Poland
- Ursula B. Kaiser
-
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, USA
- Gregory Kaltsas
-
National University of Athens
Athens, Greece
- Natasha Kasid
-
Joslin Diabetes Center,
Boston, USA
- Han Na Kim
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Anne Klibanski
-
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, USA
- Robin H. Lachmann
-
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
London, UK
- Elizabeth M. Lamos
-
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Edward R. Laws
-
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, USA
- Jacques W.M. Lenders
-
Radboud University Medical Centre
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Patricia A. Mackey
-
Mayo Clinic Arizona
Phoenix, USA
- Enio Martino
-
University of Pisa
Pisa, Italy
- Glenn Matfin
-
National Health Service
London, UK; MBRU College of Medicine Dubai, UAE
- Nestoras Mathioudakis
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, USA
- Jeffrey I. Mechanick
-
Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart
New York, USA
- Mark E. Molitch
-
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, USA
- John E. Morley
-
St Louis University School of Medicine
St. Louis, USA
- Reza Morovat
-
John Radcliffe Hospital
Oxford, UK
- Elaine Murphy
-
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
London, UK
- Connie B. Newman
-
NYU School of Medicine
New York, USA
- Kjell Oberg
-
Uppsala University Hospital
Uppsala, Sweden
- David R. Owens
-
Institute of Life Sciences College of Medicine
Swansea, UK
- Christina Pamporaki
-
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
Dresden, Germany
- Gerry Rayman
-
Ipswich Hospitals NHS Trust
Ipswich, UK
- Megan J. Ritter
-
Joslin Diabetes Center
Boston, USA
- David B. Sacks
-
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, USA
- Katherine Samaras
-
St Vincent's Hospital
Darlinghurst, Australia
- Alissa R. Segal
-
Joslin Diabetes Center
Boston, USA
- Pankaj Shah
-
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, USA
- Ethel S. Siris
-
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, USA
- Mark A. Sperling
-
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, USA
- Richard H. Sterns
-
University of Rochester
Rochester, USA
- Bithika M. Thompson
-
Mayo Clinic Arizona
Scottsdale, USA
- Christopher Thompson
-
Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School
Dublin, Ireland
- Jonathan A. Tobert
-
University of Oxford
Oxford, UK
- Luca Tomisti
-
University of Pisa
Pisa, Italy
- Andrew Toogood
-
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham, UK
- Nicholas A. Tritos
-
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, USA
- Guillermo E. Umpierrez
-
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, USA
- Anand Vaidya
-
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, USA
- Greet Van den Berghe
-
KU Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
- Mark Vanderpump
-
The Physicians' Clinic
London, UK
- Joseph G. Verbalis
-
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Washington, USA
- Michael A. Via
-
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, USA
- Alicia L. Warnock
-
Walter Reed National Military Medical...
