Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies

Notes on Contributors x

Foreword xv

Preface xvi

List of Abbreviations xviii

Part I General Aspects of AcuteMedical Emergencies 1

Introduction: AcuteMedical Care: A Crisis with Solutions 3
GlennMatfin

1 Early Management of AcuteMedical Emergencies 10
Paul J. Frost and Matt P.Wise

Part II General Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Acute and Critical Illness 21

Introduction: Endocrine Testing and Responses in Acute and Critical Illness 23
David B. Sacks

2 Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness 28
Reza Morovat

3 Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications 60
Jan Gunst, Eva Boonen, and Greet Van den Berghe

Part III Special Populations 83

4 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Pregnancy 85
Anita Banerjee and CatherineWilliamson

5 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Acute Presentations in Adulthood 98
Elaine Murphy and Robin H. Lachmann

6 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transitional Care 110
Mabel Yau andMark A. Sperling

7Emergency Perioperative Diabetes and Endocrine Management 129
Glenn Matfin, Kate Evans, and Ketan Dhatariya

8 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in HIV/AIDS 151
Katherine Samaras

9 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Late-Effects Patients: Consequences of Cancer Therapy 160
Helena Gleeson and Andrew Toogood

10 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transplantation 171
Robert A. Wermers and Pankaj Shah

11 Endocrine and Metabolic Changes with Aging: Endocrin-Aging: Recognizing and Managing Care in Older Frail Persons 182
Angela M. Abbatecola and John E.Morley

Part IV Pituitary Disorders 195

Introduction: Emergency Management of Pituitary Disorders 197
Edward R. Laws and Ursula B. Kaiser

12 Hypopituitarism 203
Nicholas A. Tritos and Anne Klibanski

13 Pituitary Apoplexy 218
Claire Briet and Philippe Chanson

14 Macroprolactinomas 231
Mark E. Molitch

Part V Thyroid Disorders 243

Introduction: Emergency Management of Thyroid Disorders 245
Hossein Gharib

15 Myxedema Coma 252
Natasha Kasid and James V. Hennessey

16 Life-Threatening Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Storm and Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs 262
Alicia L.Warnock, David S. Cooper, and Henry B. Burch

17 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis 284
Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Luigi Bartalena, and Enio Martino

18 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis 296
Mark Vanderpump

19 Sight-Threatening Graves'Orbitopathy 305
Rebecca S. Bahn and James A. Garrity

Part VI Adrenal Disorders 313

Introduction: Emergency Management of Adrenal Disorders 315
Anand Vaidya

20 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 321
Glenn Matfin

21 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing's Syndrome 345
Krystallenia I. Alexandraki and Ashley B. Grossman

22 Endocrine Hypertensive Emergencies 355
Graeme Eisenhofer, Andrzej Januszewicz, Christina Pamporaki, and Jacques W. M. Lenders

Part VII Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 375

Introduction: Emergency Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 377
John P. Bilezikian

23 Hypocalcemia 380
Glenn Matfin

24 Hypercalcemia 400
Glenn Matfin

25 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Phosphate Disorders 422
Anda R. Gonciulea and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur

26 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Osteoporosis and Its Therapy 433
Dima L. Diab and Nelson B.Watts

27 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Paget's Disease of Bone 447
Ethel S. Siris and Dorothy A. Fink

28 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Kidney Stones 454
Hasan Fattah and David S. Goldfarb

Part VIII Neuroendocrine Tumors 465

Introduction: Emergency Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors 467
Kjell Oberg

29 Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies Related to Neuroendocrine Tumors 472
Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, and Ashley B. Grossman

Part IX Glucose Disorders 485

Introduction: Emergency Management of Glucose Disorders 487
Gerry Rayman

30 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Non-Critical Care Hospital Settings 491
Rodolfo J. Galindo and Guillermo E. Umpierrez

31 Hypoglycemia 506
Elizabeth M. Lamos, Lisa M. Younk, and Stephen N. Davis

32 Severe Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 531
Ketan Dhatariya and GlennMatfin

33 Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Newly Presenting Type Diabetes 548
Wen Xu, David Owens, and JianpingWeng

34 Management of Concentrated Insulins in Acute Care Settings 560
Nuha El Sayed, Megan J. Ritter, and Alissa R. Segal

35 Management of Insulin Pumps in Hospitalized Patients 571
Bithika M. Thompson, Patricia A. Mackey, and Curtiss B. Cook

36 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia during Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 584
Aidar R. Gosmanov and Niyaz R. Gosmanov

37 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Renal Insufficiency 598
Glenn Matfin

38 Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia 616
Han Na Kim and NestorasMathioudakis

39 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Stroke, and Acute Heart Failure 632
Miles Fisher

40 Acute Diabetic Foot 648
Glenn Matfin

Part X Sodium Disorders 673

Introduction: Emergency Management of Sodium Disorders 675
Richard H. Sterns

41 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia 679
Joseph G. Verbalis

42 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hypernatremia 700
Aoife Garrahy and Christopher Thompson

Part XI Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 717

Introduction: Emergency Management Related to Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 719
Robert H. Eckel

43 Acute Emergencies Related to Bariatric Surgery 723
Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick

44 Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis 742
Anthony S. Wierzbicki

45 Statin-Related Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis 760
Connie B. Newman and Jonathan A. Tobert

Index 775