Thinking With Data

Contents: Preface. Part I: Reasoning About Uncertainty and Variation.; A. Masnick, D. Klahr,;B. Morris, Separating Signal From Noise: Children's Understanding of Error and Variability in Experimental Outcomes. C. Schunn, L. Saner, S. Kirschenbaum, J.G. Trafton,;E.B. Littleton,;Complex Visual Data Analysis, Uncertainty, and Representation. S. Trickett, J.G. Trafton, L. Saner,;C.;Schunn, "I Don't Know What's Going on There" : The Use of Spatial Transformations to Deal With and Resolve Uncertainty in Complex Visualizations. B. delMas,;Y. Liu, Students' Conceptual Understanding of the Standard Deviation.;J. Garfield, B. delMas,;B. Chance,;Using Students' Informal Notions of Variability to Develop an Understanding of Formal Measures of Variability. R. Lehrer,;L. Schauble,;Contrasting Emerging Conceptions of Distribution in Contexts of Error and Natural Variation. G. Leinhardt, J. Larreamendy-Joerns, Discussion of Part I: Variation in the Meaning and Learning of Variation.;Part II: Statistical Reasoning and Data Analysis.; K. Dunbar, J. Fugelsang,;C. Stein, Do Naive Theories Ever Go Away? Using Brain and Behavior to Understand Changes in Concepts.;P. Thompson, Y. Liu,;L. Saldanha,;Intricacies of Statistical Inference and Teachers' Understandings of Them. K. McNeill,;J. Krajcik, Middle School Students' Use of Appropriate and Inappropriate Evidence in Writing Scientific Explanations. C. Konold, Designing a Data Analysis Tool for Learners.;M. Lovet,;N. Chang, Data-Analysis Skills: What and How Are Students Learning?;D.L. Schwartz, D. Sears,;J. Chang, Reconsidering Prior Knowledge. K. Koedinger,;Discussion of Part II: Statistical Reasoning and Data Analysis.;Part III: Learning From and Making Decisions With Data. D. Danks, Causal Learning From Observations and Manipulations. P. Sedlmeier,;Statistical Reasoning: Valid Intuitions Put to Use. W.B. de Bruin, J. Downs,;B. Fischhoff,;Adolescents' Thinking About the Risks of Sexual Behaviors.;M. Burrage, M. Epstein,;P.;Shah,;Discussion of Part III: Learning From and Making Decisions About Data.