
Instructional Designer Competencies
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Content
- Intro
- Instructional Designer Competencies
- The Standards, Fourth Edition
- A Volume in Ibstpi Book Series
- CONTENTS
- 1. Instructional Designer Competence 1
- 2. Instructional Designer Competencies and Performance Statements 23
- 3. The Instructional Designer Competencies: Discussion and Analysis 31
- 4. Instructional Designer Competencies in Practice 69
- 5. The Competencies and ID Specializations 81
- 6. The Competency Validation Research 113
- Ibstpi Book Series
- Instructional Designer Competencies
- The Standards, Fourth Edition
- by
- Tiffany A. Koszalka Syracuse University
- Darlene F. Russ-Eft Oregon State University
- Robert Reiser Florida State University
- with
- Fernando A. Senior Canela,
- Barbara L. Grabowski,
- and
- Clinton J. Wallington
- Information Age Publishing, Inc.
- Charlotte, North Carolina www.infoagepub.com
- DEDICATIONS
- Foreword
- ibstpi-The Development Organization
- Why Adopt ibstpi Competencies?
- The Current State
- Notables
- Complexity of the ID Roles and Responsibilities
- Complexity of Design Activities
- Conclusion
- Note
- Preface
- One Example (of Many)
- Another Example
- What is the Same and What is Different?
- Why?
- Notes
- Figure 1. 2. Structure of the ibstpi competency model for the instructional designer.
- CHAPTER 1
- Instructional Designer Competence
- Instructional Designer Competence: An Introduction
- Instructional Design: Yesterday and Today
- Changes That Led to This Current Version
- Competency and The ibstpi Competency Development Model
- Competence and Competency
- Competencies in Use
- A Brief History of Competency Modeling
- The ibstpi Competency Development Model
- Implementing the Model for Instructional Designers
- Assumptions Underlying ibstpi the ID Competencies
- An Overview of the ID Competency Discussion
- Figure 1. 1. ibstpi competency model.
- CHAPTER 2
- Instructional Designer Competencies and Performance Statements*
- The Instructional Designer Competencies and Performance Statements (2012)
- Professional Foundations
- 1. Communicate effectively in visual, oral and written form (essential).
- (a) Write and edit messages that are clear, concise, and grammatically correct (essential).
- (b) Deliver presentations that effectively engage audiences and communicate clear messages (essential).
- (c) Use active listening skills (essential).
- (d) Solicit, accept, and provide constructive feedback (essential).
- (e) Present written and oral messages that take into account the type of information being delivered and the diverse backgrounds, roles, and varied responsibilities of the audience (advanced).
- (f) Facilitate meetings effectively (advanced).
- (g) Use effective collaboration and consensus-building skills (advanced).
- (h) Use effective negotiation and conflict resolution skills (advanced).
- (i) Use effective questioning techniques (advanced).
- (j) Disseminate status, summary, or action-oriented reports (advanced).
- 2. Apply research and theory to the discipline of instructional design. (advanced).
- (a) Explain key concepts and principles related to instructional design (essential).
- (b) Apply systems thinking to instructional design and performance improvement projects (essential).
- (c) Apply results of instructional design research, theory, and practice (advanced).
- (d) Promote how instructional design research, theory, and practice literature may affect design practices in a given situation (advanced).
- (e) Apply concepts, techniques, and theories of other disciplines to learning and performance improvement (advanced).
- 3. Update and improve knowledge, skills, and attitudes pertaining to the instructional design process and related fields (essential).
- (a) Participate in professional development activities (essential).
- (b) Establish and maintain contacts with other professionals (essential).
- (c) Acquire and apply new technology skills in instructional design practice (essential).
- (d) Document and disseminate work as a foundation for future efforts, publications, or professional presentations (advanced).
- 4. Apply data collection and analysis skills in instructional design projects (advanced).
- (a) Identify the data to be collected (advanced).
- (b) Use a variety of data collection tools and procedures (essential).
- (c) Apply appropriate data collection methodologies to needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- (d) Use appropriate quantitative and/or qualitative analysis procedures in needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- 5. Identify and respond to ethical, legal, and political implications of design in the workplace (essential).
- (a) Identify ethical, legal, and political dimensions of instructional design practice and instructional products (advanced).
- (b) Plan for and respond to ethical, legal, and political consequences of design decisions (advanced).
- (c) Recognize and respect the intellectual property rights of others (essential).
- (d) Adhere to regulatory guidelines and organizational policies (essential).
- (e) Comply with organizational and professional codes of ethics (essential).
- Planning and Analysis
- 6. Conduct a needs assessment in order to recommend appropriate design solutions and strategies (advanced).
- (a) Identify varying perceptions of need among stakeholders and the implications of those perceptions (advanced).
- (b) Describe the nature of a learning or performance problem (essential).
- (c) Determine the root causes of identified discrepancies (advanced).
- (d) Synthesize findings to identify and recommend potential instructional and noninstructional solutions (advanced).
- (e) Estimate costs and benefits of possible solutions (advanced).
- (f) Prepare and disseminate a needs assessment report (advanced).
- 7. Identify and describe target population and environmental characteristics (essential).
- (a) Determine characteristics of the target population that may impact the design and delivery of instruction (essential).
- (b) Determine characteristics of the physical, social, political, and cultural environment that may influence learning, attitudes, and performance (advanced).
- (c) Identify the infrastructure that is available to support the design and delivery of instruction (advanced).
- (d) Determine the extent to which organizational mission, philosophy, and values may impact the design and delivery of instruction (advanced).
- (e) Analyze, evaluate, and use learner profile data and environmental characteristics to design instruction (essential).
- 8. Select and use analysis techniques for determining instructional content (essential).
- (a) Identify the scope of required content in accordance with needs assessment findings (essential).
- (b) Elicit, synthesize, and validate content from subject matter experts (essential).
- (c) Analyze existing instructional products to determine adequacy or inadequacy of content, instruction, and learning (essential).
- (d) Determine the breadth and depth of intended content coverage given instructional constraints (essential).
- (e) Determine subordinate and prerequisite skills and knowledge (essential).
- (f) Use appropriate techniques to analyze various types and sources of content (essential).
- 9. Analyze the characteristics of existing and emerging technologies and their potential use (essential).
- (a) Describe the capabilities of existing and emerging technologies required to enhance the impact of instruction (essential).
- (b) Evaluate the capacity of given instructional and learning environments to support selected technologies (advanced).
- (c) Assess the benefits and limitations of existing and emerging technologies (advanced).
- Design and Development
- 10. Use an instructional design and development process appropriate for a given project (essential).
- (a) Select or create an instructional design process based the nature of the project (essential).
- (b) Modify the instructional design process as project parameters change (advanced).
- (c) Describe a rationale for the selected, created or modified instructional design process (advanced).
- 11. Organize instructional programs and/or products to be designed, developed, and evaluated (essential).
- (a) Determine the overall scope of instructional programs and/or products (advanced).
- (b) Identify and sequence instructional goals (essential).
- (c) Specify and sequence the anticipated learning and performance outcomes (essential).
- 12. Design instructional interventions (essential).
- (a) Identify instructional strategies that align with instructional goals and anticipated learning outcomes (essential).
- (b) Apply appropriate interaction design and interactive learning principles (essential).
- (c) Use appropriate message and visual design principles (essential).
- (d) Apply appropriate motivational design principles (essential)
- (e) Accommodate social, cultural, political, and other individual factors that may influence learning (essential).
- (f) Select appropriate technology and media to enhance instructional interventions, taking into account theory, research, and practical factors (essential).
- 13. Plan noninstructional interventions (advanced).
- (a) Identify which, if any, noninstructional interventions are appropriate (e.g., performance support, knowledge management, personnel selection, job redesign, incentive systems) (advanced).
- (b) Justify why noninstructional interventions are appropriate (advanced).
- (c) Create design specifications for noninstructional interventions (advanced).
- 14. Select or modify existing instructional materials (essential).
- (a) Identify and select materials that support the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods, and instructional strategies (essential).
- (b) Conduct cost-benefit analyses to decide whether to use or modify existing materials (advanced).
- (c) Validate selection or modification of existing instruction (advanced).
- (d) Integrate existing instructional materials into the design (essential).
- (e) Develop instructional materials (essential).
- 15. Develop specifications that serve as the basis for media production (essential).
- (a) Produce instructional materials in a variety of delivery formats (essential).
- (b) Develop materials that align with the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods, and instructional strategies (essential).
- (c) Collaborate with production specialists (essential).
- 16. Design learning assessment (advanced).
- (a) Identify the learning processes and outcomes to be measured (essential).
- (b) Construct reliable and valid methods of assessing learning and performance (advanced).
- (c) Ensure that assessment is aligned with instructional goals, anticipated learning outcomes, and instructional strategies (essential).
- Evaluation and Implementation
- 17. Evaluate instructional and noninstructional interventions. (advanced)
- (a) Design evaluation plans (advanced).
- (b) Implement formative evaluation plans (essential).
- (c) Implement summative evaluation plans (essential).
- (d) Prepare and disseminate evaluation report (advanced).
- 18. Revise instructional and noninstructional solutions based on data. (essential).
- (a) Identify product and program revisions based on review of evaluation data (advanced).
- (b) Revise the delivery process based on evaluation data (essential).
- (c) Revise products and programs based on evaluation data (essential).
- 19. Implement, disseminate, and diffuse instructional and noninstructional interventions (advanced).
- (a) Create a vision of change that aligns learning and performance goals with organizational goals (managerial).
- (b) Plan for the implementation of the interventions (advanced).
- (c) Plan for the dissemination of the interventions (managerial).
- (d) Plan for the diffusion of the interventions (managerial).
- (e) Disseminate the interventions (advanced).
- (f) Monitor implementation, dissemination, and diffusion progress (managerial).
- (g) Identify required modifications to implementation, dissemination, and diffusion processes (advanced).
- Management
- 20. Apply business skills to managing the instructional design function (managerial).
- (a) Align instructional design efforts with organization's strategic plans and tactics (managerial).
- (b) Establish standards of excellence for the instructional design function (managerial).
- (c) Develop a business case to promote the critical role of the instructional design function (managerial).
- (d) Recruit, retain, and develop instructional design personnel (managerial).
- (e) Develop financial plans and controls for the instructional design function (managerial).
- (f) Obtain and maintain management and stakeholder support for the design function (managerial).
- (g) Market instructional design services and manage customer relations (managerial).
- 21. Manage partnerships and collaborative relationships (managerial).
- (a) Identify stakeholders and the nature of their involvement (advanced).
- (b) Build and promote effective relationships between the design team and stakeholders (managerial).
- (c) Manage cross functional teams (managerial).
- (d) Conduct project reviews with design team members and stakeholders (managerial).
- 22. Plan and manage instructional design projects (advanced).
- (a) Establish project scope and goals (advanced).
- (b) Write proposals for instructional design projects (advanced).
- (c) Use a variety of planning and management tools for instructional design projects (advanced).
- (d) Allocate resources to support the project plan (managerial).
- (e) Manage multiple priorities to maintain project time line (managerial).
- (f) Identify and resolve project issues (managerial).
- CHAPTER 3
- The Instructional Designer Competencies
- Discussion and Analysis
- Discussion and Analysis Introduction
- Professional Foundations
- 1. Communicate effectively in visual, oral and written form. (essential) This is an essential competency and it includes ten performance statements, four essential and six advanced.
- (a) Write and edit messages that are clear, concise, and grammatically correct (essential).
- (b) Deliver presentations that effectively engage audiences and communicate clear messages (essential).
- (c) Use active listening skills (essential).
- (d) Solicit, accept, and provide constructive feedback (essential).
- (e) Present written and oral messages that take into account the type of information being delivered and the diverse backgrounds, roles, and varied responsibilities of the audience (advanced).
- (f) Facilitate meetings effectively (advanced).
- (g) Use effective collaboration and consensus-building skills (advanced).
- (h) Use effective negotiation and conflict resolution skills (advanced).
- (i) Use effective questioning techniques (advanced).
- (j) Disseminate status, summary, or action-oriented reports (advanced).
- 2. Apply research and theory to the discipline of instructional design. (advanced) This is an advanced competency and it includes five performance statements, two essential and three advanced.
- (a) Explain key concepts and principles related to instructional design (essential).
- (b) Apply systems thinking to instructional design and performance improvement projects (essential).
- (c) Apply results of instructional design research, theory, and practice (advanced).
- (d) Promote how instructional design research, theory, and practice literature may affect design practices in a given situation (advanced).
- (e) Apply concepts, techniques, and theories of other disciplines to learning and performance improvement (advanced).
- 3. Update and improve knowledge, skills, and attitudes pertaining to the instructional design process and related fields (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes four performance statements, three essential and one advanced.
- (a) Participate in professional development activities (essential).
- (b) Establish and maintain contacts with other professionals (essential).
- (c) Acquire and apply new technology skills in instructional design practice (essential).
- (d) Document and disseminate work as a foundation for future efforts, publications, or professional presentations (advanced).
- 4. Apply data collection and analysis skills in instructional design projects (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes four performance statements, one essential and three advanced.
- (a) Identify the data to be collected (advanced).
- (b) Use a variety of data collection tools and procedures (essential).
- (c) Apply appropriate data collection methodologies to needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- (d) Use appropriate quantitative and/or qualitative analysis procedures in needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- 5. Identify and respond to ethical, legal, and political implications of design in the workplace (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes five performance statements, three essential and two advanced.
- (a) Identify ethical, legal, and political dimensions of instructional design practice and instructional products (advanced).
- (b) Plan for and respond to ethical, legal, and political consequences of design decisions (advanced).
- (c) Recognize and respect the intellectual property rights of others (essential).
- (d) Adhere to regulatory guidelines and organizational policies (essential).
- (e) Comply with organizational and professional codes of ethics (essential).
- Planning and Analysis
- 6. Conduct a needs assessment in order to recommend appropriate design solutions and strategies (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes six performance statements, one essential and five advanced.
- (a) Identify varying perceptions of need among stakeholders and the implications of those perceptions (advanced).
- (b) Describe the nature of a learning or performance problem (essential).
- (c) Determine the root causes of identified discrepancies (advanced).
- (d) Synthesize findings to identify and recommend potential instructional and noninstructional solutions (advanced).
- (e) Estimate costs and benefits of possible solutions (advanced).
- (f) Prepare and disseminate a needs assessment report (advanced).
- 7. Identify and describe target population and environmental characteristics (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes five performance statements, two are essential and three are advanced.
- (a) Determine characteristics of the target population that may impact the design and delivery of instruction (essential).
- (b) Determine characteristics of the physical, social, political, and cultural environment that may influence learning, attitudes, and performance (advanced).
- (c) Identify the infrastructure that is available to support the design and delivery of instruction (advanced).
- (d) Determine the extent to which organizational mission, philosophy, and values may impact the design and delivery of instruction (advanced).
- (e) Analyze, evaluate, and use learner profile data and environmental characteristics to design instruction (essential).
- 8. Select and use analysis techniques for determining instructional content (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes six performance statements, all six are essential.
- (a) Identify the scope of required content in accordance with needs assessment findings (essential).
- (b) Elicit, synthesize, and validate content from subject matter experts (essential).
- (c) Analyze existing instructional products to determine adequacy or inadequacy of content, instruction, and learning (essential).
- (d) Determine the breadth and depth of intended content coverage given instructional constraints (essential).
- (e) Determine subordinate and prerequisite skills and knowledge (essential).
- (f) Use appropriate techniques to analyze various types and sources of content (essential).
- 9. Analyze the characteristics of existing and emerging technologies and their potential use (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes three performance statements, one essential and two advanced.
- (a) Describe the capabilities of existing and emerging technologies required to enhance the impact of instruction (essential).
- (b) Evaluate the capacity of given instructional and learning environments to support selected technologies (advanced).
- (c) Assess the benefits and limitations of existing and emerging technologies (advanced).
- Design and Development
- 10. Use an instructional design and development process appropriate for a given project (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes three performance statements, one essential and two advanced.
- (a) Select or create an instructional design process based the nature of the project (essential).
- (b) Modify the instructional design process as project parameters change (advanced).
- (c) Describe a rationale for the selected, created or modified instructional design process (advanced).
- 11. Organize instructional programs and/or products to be designed, developed, and evaluated (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes three performance statements, two essential and one advanced.
- (a) Determine the overall scope of instructional programs and/or products (advanced).
- (b) Identify and sequence instructional goals (essential).
- (c) Specify and sequence the anticipated learning and performance outcomes (essential).
- 12. Design instructional interventions (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes six performance statements, all of which are essential.
- (a) Identify instructional strategies that align with instructional goals and anticipated learning outcomes (essential).
- (b) Apply appropriate interaction design and interactive learning principles (essential)
- (c) Use appropriate message and visual design principles (essential).
- (d) Apply appropriate motivational design principles (essential)
- (e) Accommodate social, cultural, political, and other individual factors that may influence learning (essential).
- (f) Select appropriate technology and media to enhance instructional interventions, taking into account theory, research, and practical factors (essential).
- 13. Plan noninstructional interventions (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes three performance statements, all of which are advanced.
- (a) Identify which, if any, noninstructional interventions are appropriate (e.g., performance support, knowledge management, personnel selection, job redesign, incentive systems) (advanced).
- (b) Justify why noninstructional interventions are appropriate (advanced).
- (c) Create design specifications for noninstructional interventions (advanced).
- 14. Select or modify existing instructional materials (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes four performance statements, two are essential and two are advanced.
- (a) Identify and select materials that support the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods, and instructional strategies (essential).
- (b) Conduct cost-benefit analyses to decide whether to use or modify existing materials (advanced).
- (c) Validate selection or modification of existing instruction (advanced.)
- (d) Integrate existing instructional materials into the design (essential).
- 15. Develop instructional materials (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes four performance statements, all of which are essential.
- (a) Develop specifications that serve as the basis for media production (essential).
- (b) Produce instructional materials in a variety of delivery formats (essential).
- (c) Develop materials that align with the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods, and instructional strategies (essential).
- (d) Collaborate with production specialists (essential).
- 16. Design learning assessment (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes three performance statements, two are essential and one is advanced.
- (a) Identify the learning processes and outcomes to be measured (essential).
- (b) Construct reliable and valid methods of assessing learning and performance (advanced).
- (c) Ensure that assessment is aligned with instructional goals, anticipated learning outcomes, and instructional strategies (essential).
- Evaluation and Implementation
- 17. Evaluate instructional and noninstructional interventions (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes four performance statements, two are essential and two is advanced.
- (a) Design evaluation plans (advanced).
- (b) Implement formative evaluation plans (essential).
- (c) Implement summative evaluation plans (essential).
- (d) Prepare and disseminate evaluation report (advanced).
- 18. Revise instructional and noninstructional solutions based on data. (essential). This is an essential competency and it includes three performance statements, two are essential and one is advanced.
- (a) Identify product and program revisions based on review of evaluation data (advanced).
- (b) Revise the delivery process based on evaluation data (essential).
- (c) Revise products and programs based on evaluation data (essential).
- 19. Implement, disseminate, and diffuse instructional and noninstructional interventions (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes seven performance statements, three are essential and four are managerial.
- (a) Create a vision of change that aligns learning and performance goals with organizational goals (managerial).
- (b) Plan for the implementation of the interventions (advanced).
- (c) Plan for the dissemination of the interventions (managerial).
- (d) Plan for the diffusion of the interventions (managerial).
- (e) Disseminate the interventions (advanced).
- (f) Monitor implementation, dissemination, and diffusion progress (managerial).
- (g) Identify required modifications to implementation, dissemination, and diffusion processes (advanced).
- Management
- 20. Apply business skills to managing the instructional design function (managerial). This is a managerial competency and it includes seven performance statements, all are managerial.
- (a) Align instructional design efforts with organization's strategic plans and tactics (managerial).
- (b) Establish standards of excellence for the instructional design function (managerial).
- (c) Develop a business case to promote the critical role of the instructional design function (managerial).
- (d) Recruit, retain, and develop instructional design personnel (managerial).
- (e) Develop financial plans and controls for the instructional design function (managerial).
- (f) Obtain and maintain management and stakeholder support for the design function (managerial).
- (g) Market instructional design services and manage customer relations (managerial).
- 21. Manage partnerships and collaborative relationships (managerial). This is a managerial competency and it includes four performance statements, one is advanced and three are managerial.
- (a) Identify stakeholders and the nature of their involvement (advanced).
- (b) Build and promote effective relationships between the design team and stakeholders (managerial).
- (c) Manage cross functional teams (managerial).
- (d) Conduct project reviews with design team members and stakeholders (managerial).
- 22. Plan and manage instructional design projects (advanced). This is an advanced competency and it includes six performance statements, three are advanced and three are managerial.
- (a) Establish project scope and goals (advanced).
- (b) Write proposals for instructional design projects (advanced).
- (c) Use a variety of planning and management tools for instructional design projects (advanced).
- (d) Allocate resources to support the project plan (managerial).
- (e) Manage multiple priorities to maintain project time line (managerial).
- (f) Identify and resolve project issues (managerial).
- Table 4.3. Questions for University Faculty Reviewing Instructional Design Program Curricula
- CHAPTER 4
- Instructional Designer Competencies in Practice
- Introduction
- Instructional Designer Competency Utility
- Competency Use by Instructional Design Professionals
- Table 4.1. Questions for Analyzing ID Professional Development Needs
- Competency Use by Instructional Design (or Training) Managers and Administrators
- Table 4.2. Questions for Persons Managing ID Functions
- Competency Use by Instructional Design-Oriented Academics
- Competency Use by Organizations That Offer Instructional Design-related Professional Development
- Conclusions
- CHAPTER 5
- The Competencies and ID Specializations
- Introduction
- The Nature of ID Specialization
- The Instructional Designer Specialist
- Professional Foundations
- Planning and Analysis
- Design and Development
- Evaluation and Implementation
- Management
- The Instructional Design Manager
- Professional Foundations
- Design and Development
- Evaluation and Implementation
- Management
- The Analyst/Evaluator
- Professional Foundation Skills
- Planning and Analysis
- Design and Development
- Implementation and Evaluation
- Management
- The e-learning Specialist/Instructional Technologist (IT)
- Professional Foundations
- Planning and Analysis
- Design and Development
- Evaluation and Implementation
- Management
- Summary
- Table 5.1. Specialist Roles: Primary and Supporting Competencies
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- Table 5.1. Continued
- CHAPTER 6
- The Competency Validation Research
- The Foundational Research
- The 1986 ibstpi ID Competencies
- The Atchison Study
- Purpose and Procedures
- Results
- 1. Demonstrates attributes of reflective practice.
- 2. Recognizes ethical issues in instructional design practice and is able to formulate an effective response.
- 3. Demonstrates humanistic qualities.
- 4. Demonstrates collaborative skills in instructional systems design.
- 5. Effectively advocates the legitimacy of instructional design practice to the client population.
- 6. Articulates and demonstrates an active commitment to maintaining the stability of evaluation systems in instructional design.
- 7. Understands components of and effectively interacts with a business environment.
- 8. Understands and effectively uses marketing principles to promote instructional design services.
- 9. Is able to effectively diffuse innovative instructional design programs into various settings.
- Application of These Findings
- The Song Study
- Purpose and Procedures
- Results
- Application of These Findings
- The 2000 ibstpi ID Competencies
- Purpose and Procedures
- Results
- Application of These Findings
- Study of Alumni of a Leading ID Graduate Program
- Results
- Application of These Findings
- The 2012 Validation Research
- Purpose and Scope of the Study
- Procedures
- Phase 1: Identification of Foundational Research
- Phase 2: Competency Drafting
- Phase 3: Competency Validation and Rewriting
- Instrumentation
- Results
- Implications for the Final ID Competencies
- Table 6.2. Profile of the Instructional Designer Respondents
- Table 6.2. Continued
- Table 6.1. An Example of the Items in the Validation Survey
- Table 6.3. Criticality Ratings of Competencies Within Domains
- Table 6.5. Criticality Ratings of the ibstpi Instructional Designer Competencies
- Table 6.5. Continued
- Table 6.6. An Overview of Competencies by Domains and Level of Expertise
- Table 6.7. An Overview of Performance Statements by Domain and Level of Expertise
- Epilogue
- Appendixes
- APPENDIX A: ibstpi Instructional Design Competencies (2000)
- Professional Foundations
- 1. Communicate effectively in visual, oral and written form (essential).
- (a) Create messages that accommodate learner needs and characteristics, content and objectives (essential).
- (b) Write and edit text to produce messages that are clear, concise and grammatically correct (essential).
- (c) Apply principles of message design to page layout and screen design (essential).
- (d) Create or select visuals that instruct, orient or motivate (essential).
- (e) Deliver presentations that effectively engage and communicate (essential).
- (f) Use active listening skills in all situations (essential).
- (g) Present and receive information in a manner that is appropriate for the norms and tasks of the group or team (essential).
- (h) Seek and share information and ideas among individuals with diverse backgrounds and roles (essential).
- (i) Facilitate meetings effectively (essential).
- 2. Apply current research and theory to the practice of instructional design (advanced).
- (a) Promote, apply and disseminate the results of instructional design theory and research (advanced).
- (b) Read instructional design research, theory and practice literature (essential).
- (c) Apply concepts, techniques and theory of other disciplines to problems of learning, instruction and instructional design (advanced).
- 3. Update and improve one's knowledge, skills and attitude pertaining to instructional design and related fields (essential).
- (a) Apply developments in instructional design and related fields (advanced).
- (b) Acquire and apply new technology skills to instructional design practice (essential).
- (c) Participate in professional activities (essential).
- (d) Document one's work as a foundation for future efforts, publications or professional presentation (advanced).
- (e) Establish and maintain contacts with other professionals (essential).
- 4. Apply fundamental research skills to instructional design projects (advanced).
- (a) Use a variety of data collection tools and procedures (advanced).
- (b) Apply appropriate research and methodologies to needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- (c) Use basic statistical techniques in needs assessment and evaluation (advanced).
- (d) Write research and evaluation reports (advanced).
- 5. Identify and resolve ethical and legal implications of design in the work place (advanced).
- (a) Identify ethical and legal dimensions of instructional design practice (advanced).
- (b) Anticipate and respond to ethical consequences of design decisions (advanced).
- (c) Recognize and respect intellectual property rights of others (essential).
- (d) Recognize the ethical and legal implications and consequences of instructional products (advanced).
- (e) Adhere to regulatory guidelines and organization policies (essential).
- Planning and Analysis
- 6. Conduct a needs assessment (essential).
- (a) Describe the problem and its dimensions, identifying the discrepancies between current and desired performance (essential).
- (b) Clarify the varying perceptions of needs and their implications (advanced).
- (c) Select and use appropriate needs assessment tools and techniques (essential).
- (d) Determine the possible causes of the problem and potential solutions (essential).
- (e) Recommend and advocate noninstructional solutions when appropriate (advanced).
- (f) Complete a cost benefit analysis for recommended solutions (advanced).
- 7. Design a curriculum or program (essential).
- (a) Determine the scope of the curriculum or program (essential).
- (b) Specify courses based upon needs assessment outcomes (essential).
- (c) Sequence courses for learners and groups of learners (essential).
- (d) Analyze and modify existing curricula or program to insure adequate content coverage (essential).
- (e) Modify an existing curriculum or program to reflect changes in society, the knowledge base, technology or the organization (advanced).
- 8. Select and use a variety of techniques for determining instructional content (essential).
- (a) Identify content requirements in accordance with needs assessment findings (essential).
- (b) Elicit, synthesize and validate content from subject matter experts and other resources (advanced).
- (c) Determine the breadth and depth of intended content coverage given instructional constraints (advanced).
- (d) Determine prerequisites given the type of subject matter, the needs of the learners and the organization (essential).
- (e) Use appropriate techniques to analyze varying types of content (essential).
- 9. Identify and describe target population characteristics (essential).
- (a) Determine characteristics of the target population influencing learning and transfer (essential).
- (b) Analyze, evaluate and select learner profile data for use in a particular design situation (advanced).
- 10. Analyze the characteristics of the environment (essential).
- (a) Identify aspects of the physical and social environments that impact the delivery of instruction (essential).
- (b) Identify environmental and cultural aspects that influence attitudes toward instructional interventions (advanced).
- (c) Identify environmental and cultural factors that influence learning, attitudes and performance (advanced).
- (d) Identify the nature and role of varying work environments in the teaching and learning processes (advanced).
- (e) Determine the extent to which organizational mission, philosophy and values influence the design and success of a project (advanced).
- 11. Analyze the characteristics of existing and emerging technologies and their use in an instructional environments (essential).
- (a) Specify the capabilities of existing and emerging technologies to enhance motivation, visualization, interaction, simulation and individualization (essential).
- (b) Evaluate the capacity of a given infrastructure to support selected technologies (advanced).
- (c) Assess the benefits of existing and emerging technologies (essential).
- 12. Reflect upon the elements of a situation before finalizing design solutions and strategies (essential).
- (a) Generate multiple solutions to a given problem situation (advanced).
- (b) Remain open to alternative solutions until sufficient data have been collected and verified (essential).
- (c) Assess the consequences and implications of design decisions on the basis of prior experience, intuition, and knowledge (advanced).
- (d) Revisit selected solutions continuously and adjust as necessary (advanced).
- Design and Development
- 13. Select, modify or create a design and development model appropriate for a given project (advanced).
- (a) Consider multiple design and development models (advanced).
- (b) Select or create a model suitable for the project based on an analysis of model elements (advanced).
- (c) Modify the model if project parameters change (advanced).
- (d) Provide a rationale for the selected design and development model (advanced).
- 14. Select and use a variety of techniques to define and sequence the instructional content and strategies (essential).
- (a) Use appropriate techniques to identify the conditions that determine the scope of the instructional content (essential).
- (b) Use appropriate techniques to specify and sequence instructional goals and objectives (essential).
- (c) Select appropriate media and delivery systems (essential).
- (d) Analyze the learning outcomes and select appropriate strategies (essential).
- (e) Analyze the instructional context and select appropriate strategies (essential).
- (f) Select appropriate participation and motivational strategies (essential).
- (g) Select and sequence assessment techniques (essential).
- (h) Prepare a design document and circulate for review and approval (essential).
- 15. Select or modify existing instructional materials (essential).
- (a) Identify existing instructional materials for reuse or modification consistent with instructional specifications (essential).
- (b) Select materials to support the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods and instructional strategies (essential).
- (c) Use cost-benefit analyses to decide whether to modify, purchase or develop instructional materials (advanced).
- (d) Work with subject matter experts to validate material selection or modification (essential).
- (e) Integrate existing instructional materials into the design (essential).
- 16. Develop instructional materials (essential).
- (a) Develop materials that support the content analyses, proposed technologies, delivery methods and instructional strategies (essential).
- (b) Work with subject matter experts during the development process (essential).
- (c) Produce instructional materials in a variety of delivery formats (essential).
- 17. Design instruction that reflects an understanding of the diversity of learners and groups of learners (essential).
- (a) Design instruction that accommodates different learning styles (essential).
- (b) Be sensitive to the cultural impact of instructional materials (essential).
- (c) Accommodate cultural factors that may influence learning in the design (essential).
- 18. Evaluate and assess instruction and its impact (essential).
- (a) Construct reliable and valid test items using a variety of formats (advanced).
- (b) Identify the processes and outcomes to be measures given the identified problem and proposed solutions (essential).
- (c) Develop and implement formative evaluation plans (essential).
- (d) d Develop and implement summative evaluation plans (essential).
- (e) Develop and implement confirmative evaluation plans (advanced).
- (f) Determine the impact of instruction on the organization (advanced).
- (g) Identify and assess the sources of evaluation data (essential).
- (h) Manage the evaluation process (advanced).
- (i) Discuss and interpret evaluation reports with stakeholders (advanced).
- Implementation and Management
- 19. Plan and manage instructional design projects (advanced).
- (a) Establish project scope and goals (advanced).
- (b) Use a variety of techniques and tools to develop a project plan (advanced).
- (c) Write project proposals (advanced).
- (d) Develop project information systems (advanced).
- (e) Monitor multiple instructional design projects (advanced).
- (f) Allocate resources to support the project plan (advanced).
- (g) Select and manage internal and external consultants (advanced).
- (h) Monitor congruence between performance and project plans (advanced).
- (i) Troubleshoot project problems (advanced).
- (j) Debrief design team to establish lessons learned (advanced).
- 20. Promote collaboration, partnerships and relationships among the participants in a design project (advanced).
- (a) Identify how and when collaboration and partnerships should be promoted (advanced).
- (b) Identify stakeholders and the nature of their involvement (advanced)
- (c) Identify subject matter experts to participate in the design and development process (advanced).
- (d) Build and promote effective relationships that may impact a design project (advanced).
- (e) Determine how to use cross functional teams (advanced).
- (f) Promote and manage the interactions among team members (advanced).
- (g) Plan for the diffusion of instructional or performance improvement products (advanced).
- 21. Apply business skills to managing instructional design (advanced).
- (a) Link design efforts to strategic plans of the organization (advanced).
- (b) Establish strategic and tactical goals for the design function (advanced).
- (c) Use a variety of techniques to establish standards of excellence (advanced).
- (d) Develop a business case to promote the critical role of the design function (advanced).
- (e) Recruit, retain and develop instructional design personnel (advanced).
- (f) Provide financial plans and controls for the instructional design function (advanced).
- (g) Maintain management and stakeholder support of the design function (advanced).
- (h) Market services and manage customer relations (advanced).
- 22. Design instructional management systems (advanced).
- (a) Establish systems for documenting learner progress and course completion (advanced).
- (b) Establish systems for maintaining records and issuing reports of individual and group progress (advanced).
- (c) Establish systems for diagnosing individual needs and prescribing instructional alternatives (advanced).
- 23. Provide for the effective implementation of instructional products and programs (essential).
- (a) Use evaluation data as a guide for revision of products and programs (advanced).
- (b) Update instructional products and programs as required (essential).
- (c) Monitor and revise the instructional delivery process as required (essential).
- (d) Revise instructional products and programs to reflect changes in professional practice or policy (essential).
- (e) Revise instructional products and programs to reflect changes in the organization or the target population (essential).
- (f) Recommend plans for organizational support of instructional programs (advanced).
- 24. Apply the learning and instructional theory (essential).
- (a) Compare and contrast critical attributes of learning and instructional theory (essential).
- (b) Develop principles from each theory (advanced).
- (c) Apply each theory to the design of instructional materials (advanced).
- (d) Justify the use of a particular theory in a given situation (advanced).
- Appendix B: Glossary of ibstpi Instructional Design Terms
- APPENDIX C: ibstpi Code of Ethical Standards for Instructional Designers
- 1. Guiding Standards: Responsibilities to others
- (a) Provide efficient, effective, workable, and cost effective solutions to client problems.
- (b) Systematically improve human performance to accomplish valid and appropriate individual goals.
- (c) Facilitate individuals.
- (d) Help clients make informed decisions.
- (e) Inform others of potential ethical violations and conflicts of interest.
- (f) Educate clients in matters of instructional design and performance improvement.
- 2. Guiding Standards: Social Mandates
- (a) Support humane, socially responsible goals and activities for individuals and organizations.
- (b) Make professional decisions based upon moral and ethical positions regarding societal issues.
- (c) Consider the impact of planned interventions upon individuals, organizations, and the society as a whole.
- 3. Guiding Standards: Respecting the Rights of Others
- (a) Protect the privacy, candor and confidentiality of client and colleague information and communication.
- (b) Show respect for copyright and intellectual property.
- (c) Do not misuse client or colleague information for personal gain.
- (d) Do not represent the ideas or work of others as one's own.
- (e) Do not make false claims about others.
- (f) Do not discriminate unfairly in actions related to hiring, retention, and advancement.
- 4. Guiding Standards: Professional Practice
- (a) Be honest and fair in all facets of one's work.
- (b) Share skills and knowledge with other professionals.
- (c) Acknowledge the contributions.
- (d) Aid and be supportive of colleagues.
- (e) Commit time and effort to the development of the profession.
- (f) Withdraw from clients who do not act ethically or when there is a conflict or interest.
- References
- About The Authors
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