
Contract and Commercial Management - The Operational Guide
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Content
- Intro
- Foreword: By the Board Members of IACCM
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- CHAPTER 1 Introduction: contract management - a global context
- 1.1 The challenge of choice
- 1.2 Impacts upon contracting
- INITIATE PHASE
- CHAPTER 2 Understanding markets and industry
- 2.1 Identifying potential markets
- 2.2 Market segmentation
- 2.3 Competitive analysis
- 2.4 Product definition
- 2.5 Contracts role in PLM
- 2.6 Identifying risks
- 2.7 Matching the agreement to the market
- 2.8 Summary
- CHAPTER 3 Understanding requirements
- 3.1 Why requirements matter
- 3.2 Early involvement
- 3.3 Defining the role of requirements
- 3.4 Factors driving improved specifications
- 3.5 Increased frequency of volatility and change
- 3.6 Managing inevitable change
- 3.7 Strategic and cultural fit
- 3.8 What goes wrong
- 3.9 Five key milestones
- 3.10 Tools and techniques for ensuring milestones are met
- 3.11 Common causes for delay or failure
- 3.12 Summary
- CHAPTER 4 Financial considerations - understanding cost and setting charges
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Bid strategy: why does cost matter?
- 4.3 The role of the contracts professional
- 4.4 Bid strategy: the importance of cost analysis
- 4.5 Contract standards as cost management tools
- 4.5 Contract standards as cost management tools
- 4.6 Contract terms as a cost management tool
- 4.7 Contract terms that can potentially reduce cost
- 4.8 Dependencies
- 4.9 Bid strategy - how to set your charges
- 4.10 Contract terms - differences that may have financial impact
- 4.11 Bid strategy - differences that may have financial impact
- 4.12 Pre-bid phase: cost/benefit analysis
- 4.13 Summary
- CHAPTER 5 Aligning risk through financial modeling
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 The importance of economic alignment
- 5.3 The basics of financial modeling
- 5.4 The MediaCity case study
- 5.5 Making judgments
- 5.6 Financial model elements
- 5.7 Some basic principles and terms
- 5.8 Pricing mechanisms
- 5.9 Gainshare and shared benefits
- 5.10 Other factors
- 5.11 Summary
- CHAPTER 6 Routes to market - partnerships, alliances, and distribution and sourcing options
- 6.1 Primary types of contracts used in large businesses
- 6.2 Use of agents and representatives
- 6.3 Local, national and international laws
- 6.4 Identifying potential suppliers and relationships
- 6.5 Evaluating project scope
- 6.6 Options for contracting
- 6.7 Summary
- CHAPTER 7 Request for Information
- 7.1 Request for Information - Pre-Bid phase
- 7.2 Selecting and assembling the RFI team
- 7.3 Beginning the RFI
- 7.4 RFI content
- 7.5 Change control and support
- 7.6 Experience and stability
- 7.7 Functional, technical and business requirements
- 7.8 Software and hardware requirements
- 7.9 Budgetary pricing
- 7.10 Support
- 7.11 Security requirements and considerations
- 7.12 Review, validation and distribution
- 7.13 RFI conclusion
- 7.14 Alternatives to an RFI
- 7.15 Supplier's perspective
- CHAPTER 8 Undertaking a Terms Audit
- 8.1 Reasons for undertaking a Terms Audit
- 8.2 Purpose of a Terms Audit
- 8.3 Consequences of inappropriate terms
- 8.4 When to audit
- 8.5 The warning signs
- 8.6 Understanding impacts
- 8.7 Undertaking a Terms Audit
- 8.8 Sample audit
- 8.9 Summary
- BID PHASE
- CHAPTER 9 Bid process and rules
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Bidding process preliminaries
- 9.3 Bidding vehicles and when to use them
- 9.4 Supplier's requirements response
- 9.5 Scoring and ranking the suppliers
- 9.6 Managing the RFx process
- 9.7 Evaluating responses - overall score
- 9.8 Supplier notification and the BAFO process
- 9.9 BAFO process and final contract
- 9.10 Supplier award notification
- 9.11 Supplier post-award issues
- 9.12 Summary
- CHAPTER 10 Request for Proposal preparation and content
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Defining, managing content and drafting bid requirements
- 10.3 Pricing information (seller only)
- 10.4 Security, health and safety requirements and consideration
- 10.5 Managing the evaluation process (buyers)
- 10.6 Summary
- CHAPTER 11 Responding to a Request for Information or Request for Proposal
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Background: the procurement process
- 11.3 Identifying an opportunity
- 11.4 Execution of non-disclosure agreements
- 11.5 Contracts professional involvement
- 11.6 Why have a bid process?
- 11.7 Key elements of a bid process
- 11.8 The role of the contracts organization
- 11.9 Contract management - adding commercial value
- 11.10 The bid goes on
- 11.11 Approvals
- CHAPTER 12 Request for Proposal management
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Role of the contracts professional
- 12.3 The RFP document
- 12.4 Supplier selection and RFP distribution
- 12.5 Contract negotiations
- 12.6 Notifying unsuccessful suppliers
- CHAPTER 13 The influence of laws on the bid process
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Basic principles
- 13.3 The influence of laws: international summary
- 13.4 The influence of laws: UNCISG
- 13.5 Offer and acceptance
- 13.6 Conditional offers and revocation of offers
- 13.7 Problems with preliminary arrangements
- 13.8 Closing the deal
- 13.9 Pre-contractual negotiations
- 13.10 Arbitration and alternative dispute resolution
- 13.11 Local law: civil code versus common law
- CHAPTER 14 Costs identification
- 14.1 Cost overview
- 14.2 Activity-Based Costing
- 14.3 Tax consequences
- 14.4 Allocations
- 14.5 Opportunity costs
- 14.6 Cost of poor quality
- 14.7 IT systems costs
- 14.8 Hardware costs
- 14.9 Software costs
- 14.10 Infrastructure costs
- 14.11 Personnel costs
- 14.12 Other costs
- 14.13 Consensus on approach
- 14.14 Credibility of assumptions
- 14.15 Risk assessment
- CHAPTER 15 Opportunity evaluation
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Involvement
- 15.3 Preparation
- 15.4 Evaluating the scope
- 15.5 Assessing the risk
- 15.6 Avoiding reference pitfalls
- 15.7 Evaluating the relationship
- 15.8 Judging customer sophistication
- 15.9 Evaluating future opportunity
- CHAPTER 16 Proposal preparation
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Is it worth bidding? The four critical questions
- 16.3 Understanding the customer
- 16.4 Understanding the customer - buying criteria
- 16.5 Understanding the competition
- 16.6 Reviewing and assessing risks
- 16.7 Working with the pursuit team
- 16.8 Responding to the RFP documents
- 16.9 Responding to the RFP documents
- 16.10 Characteristics of successful bidders
- 16.11 Customer contact
- 16.12 Green Team review
- 16.13 Red Team review
- 16.14 The Executive Summary
- 16.15 Bid submission
- 16.16 Negotiations and pricing
- 16.17 Relationship selling
- CHAPTER 17 Evaluating the proposal
- 17.1 Overview
- 17.2 The evaluation framework
- 17.3 Primary categories
- 17.4 Product evaluation criteria
- 17.5 Intangible criteria
- 17.6 Other evaluation components
- 17.7 Implementing the evaluation framework
- 17.8 Alternative approaches
- 17.9 Factors for success
- 17.10 Summary
- DEVELOPMENT PHASE
- CHAPTER 18 Contract and relationship types
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 The importance of relationships
- 18.3 Primary types of contracts used
- 18.4 Product and services contracts
- 18.5 Contracts for services
- 18.6 Solutions contracts
- 18.7 Outsourcing
- 18.8 Turnkey contracts
- 18.9 Summary
- CHAPTER 19 Contract terms and conditions overview
- 19.1 Overview
- 19.2 Start right
- 19.3 Purchase contracts and why they matter
- 19.4 Areas that the contract should address
- 19.5 Types of contract and some issues
- 19.6 Separating business and legal terms
- 19.7 Key elements in contracts
- 19.8 Summary
- CHAPTER 20 Technology contract terms and conditions
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 A specialized discipline
- 20.3 Definitions
- 20.4 Scope of Use
- 20.5 License types
- 20.6 Assignment and rights to use
- 20.7 License versus ownership
- 20.8 Audits and compliance
- 20.9 Software maintenance services
- 20.10 Hardware contracts: overview
- 20.11 Performance
- 20.12 Support and maintenance services
- 20.13 Upgrades
- 20.14 Compatibility
- 20.15 Services contracts: overview
- 20.16 Statements of Work (SOWs) and milestones
- 20.17 Termination
- 20.18 Summary
- CHAPTER 21 Term linkages, managing cost and risk
- 21.1 Overview
- 21.2 The challenges of term linkages, managing cost and risk
- 21.3 Contract structure
- 21.4 Negotiated terms
- 21.5 Active versus passive terms
- 21.6 Terms Audit
- 21.7 Term analysis
- 21.8 Shifts have impact
- 21.9 Paradigm shifts
- 21.10 Legitimate terms that miss the point
- 21.11 Performance cost of the deal
- 21.12 Acceptance provisions
- 21.13 Preferences - supplier versus buyer
- 21.14 Multi-country projects
- 21.15 Contract pricing arrangements
- 21.16 Summary
- CHAPTER 22 Statement of Work and Service Level Agreement production
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 What is an SOW?
- 22.3 Why is an SOW required?
- 22.4 Basic process for developing an SOW
- 22.5 How do SOWs and SLAs relate?
- 22.6 Service Level Agreement (SLA)
- 22.7 IACCM outsourcing survey
- 22.8 What is included in an SLA?
- 22.9 Other SLA considerations
- 22.10 Summary
- CHAPTER 23 Drafting guidelines
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Clarity
- 23.3 Contracting transformation
- 23.4 The contract document
- 23.5 Why a written contract?
- 23.6 What form should be used?
- 23.7 Rules of contract interpretation
- 23.8 Other contract interpretation guidelines
- 23.9 Background to contract drafting
- 23.10 Drafting best practice
- 23.11 Before you start
- 23.12 Drafting a complete agreement
- 23.13 Amendments and attachments
- 23.14 Drafting techniques
- 23.15 Contract terminology
- 23.16 Writing style
- 23.17 Tools
- 23.18 Summary
- NEGOTIATION PHASE
- CHAPTER 24 Approaches to negotiations - framing, strategy and goals
- 24.1 Negotiations overview
- 24.2 Introduction to framing, strategy and goals
- 24.3 Framing
- 24.4 Goals
- 24.5 Strategy
- 24.6 Stages of negotiation
- 24.7 Leveraging your experience
- 24.8 Planning and tactics
- 24.9 Tools for establishing a negotiation foundation
- 24.10 Summary
- CHAPTER 25 Negotiation styles - positional versus principled negotiations
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Perspective and precedent
- 25.3 Negotiation options: positional versus principled
- 25.4 Factors that influence your choice
- 25.5 Positional versus principled negotiation
- 25.6 Characteristics of positional negotiating
- 25.7 Characteristics of principled negotiation
- 25.8 Recognizing positional negotiation
- 25.9 Advantages and disadvantages of positional negotiating
- 25.10 Advantages and disadvantages of principled negotiating
- 25.11 Non-negotiable issues
- 25.12 Countering the positional negotiator
- 25.13 Is principled negotiation worthwhile?
- 25.14 Summary
- CHAPTER 26 Negotiating techniques
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Preparation
- 26.3 Negotiation power
- 26.4 Abuse of power
- 26.5 Opening offers
- 26.6 Physical/logistical considerations
- 26.7 Connecting with the other side
- 26.8 What happens if there is no agreement?
- 26.9 Technological challenges
- CHAPTER 27 Tactics, tricks and lessons learned
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 The last gap
- 27.3 How to cross the last gap in negotiations
- 27.4 Competitive tricks and ploys
- 27.5 Another perspective
- 27.6 Summary
- MANAGE PHASE
- CHAPTER 28 Manage phase overview
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Manage phase overview
- 28.3 Contract management activities
- 28.4 Contract management software
- 28.5 Contract management resource planning
- 28.6 Communication
- 28.7 Summary
- CHAPTER 29 Transition
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 Contract management after signature
- 29.3 Contract analysis
- 29.4 What is 'the contract'?
- 29.5 Analyzing and understanding terms and conditions
- 29.6 Core contract elements analysis
- 29.7 Setting priorities
- 29.8 Transition meeting
- 29.9 Transition and organization
- 29.10 Transition - meeting goals
- 29.11 Summary
- CHAPTER 30 Risk and opportunity
- 30.1 Introduction
- 30.2 Understanding risk and opportunity
- 30.3 Understanding and managing opportunity in contracts
- CHAPTER 31 Monitoring performance, tools and techniques
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 The contract management role
- 31.3 Post award contract management activities
- 31.4 Status reviews: internal
- 31.5 Status reviews: external
- 31.6 Typical issues and problems
- 31.7 Summary
- CHAPTER 32 Change control and management
- 32.1 Introduction
- 32.2 The realities of change
- 32.3 Designing a change control procedure
- 32.4 Contract claim
- 32.5 When parties do not want a change control and management process
- 32.6 Case studies
- 32.7 Summary
- CHAPTER 33 Dispute handling and resolution
- 33.1 Introduction
- 33.2 What is a dispute and what causes a dispute?
- 33.3 Common operational disputes causing ongoing problems
- 33.4 What does the contract say about dispute resolution?
- 33.5 Possible consequences of a formal dispute
- 33.6 How to avoid a dispute
- 33.7 Dispute handling and resolution: recovery
- 33.8 Resolution steps: from least to most complex
- 33.9 Solutions to disputes: negotiation
- 33.10 Solutions to disputes: mediation
- 33.11 Solutions to disputes: arbitration
- 33.12 Solutions to disputes: litigation
- 33.13 Case study: an actual dispute and how it was resolved
- 33.14 Summary
- CHAPTER 34 Contract close-out and lessons learned
- 34.1 Introduction
- 34.2 Types of termination or close-out
- 34.3 Final acceptance
- 34.4 Final acceptance: actions
- 34.5 Expiry of term
- 34.6 Termination
- 34.7 Expiry of term or termination: actions
- 34.8 Close-out - key risks after the delivery of the contract
- 34.9 Continuing obligations
- 34.10 Lessons learned
- 34.11 Summary
- Annex A Glossary
- Annex B IACCM training
- Index
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