Intestinal Microbiome: Functional Aspects in Health and Disease
88th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Playa del Carmen, September 2016
1st Edition
Published on 27. March 2017
176 pages
978-3-318-06031-7 (ISBN)
Available for download
Description
The intestinal microbiome is especially important during the first thousand days of life. Exposure to microbes in utero significantly impacts fetal development, in part through epigenetic processes and in part through hormonal influences which cause a change in the mother's intestinal microbiome. The nature of delivery and perinatal antibiotic treatment, as well as diet (especially in the postpartum period), can also influence initial microbial colonization and the development of appropriate intestinal defense mechanisms. These, in turn, can affect the expression of allergy, autoimmune disease, and brain function, among other things, later in life. The first part of this publication focuses on the development of the human microbiome in utero and the importance of normal colonization of the newborn gut in immune development and disease prevention. The second section deals with the normal development of gut microbiota and with clinical conditions associated with dysbiosis. The final chapters cover various aspects of human milk evolution and oligosaccharides.
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E. Isolauri | P.M. Sherman | W.A. Walker
Intestinal Microbiome: Functional Aspects in Health and Disease
88th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Playa del Carmen, September 2016
Book
05/2017
1st Edition
S. Karger
€50.30
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Content
- Cover
- Front Matter
- Contents
- Preface
- Foreword
- Contributors
- Evolution of Human Microbiota
- The Pregnancy Microbiome
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Healthy Microbiome
- Factors Affecting the Microbiota during Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Leads to Changes in the Gut Microbiota
- Pregnancy Leads to Changes in the Vaginal Microbiota
- Pregnancy Leads to Changes in the Oral Microbiota
- Debate over the Placental Microbiota
- Pregnancy Complications Are Correlated with Dysbiosis and Infections
- Conclusions
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Microbial Composition of the Initial Colonization of Newborns
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Gut Colonization at Birth
- Is the Fetal Gut Colonized by Microbes?
- Gut Microbiota in the Neonatal Period and Early Infancy
- Conclusions
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Bacterial Colonization of the Newborn Gut, Immune Development, and Prevention of Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Normal Intestinal Colonization - Symbiosis
- Dietary Influence on Colonization
- Immunologic Consequences of Normal Colonization
- Dysbiosis
- Use of Probiotics
- Summary and Conclusions
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Epigenetics in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease: Spotlight on DNA Methylation in the Intestinal Epithelium
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics - Basic Principles
- Epigenetics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Summary and Future Perspective
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Gut-Brain Axis and Behavior
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Preclinical Studies
- Clinical Studies
- Summary and Future Perspectives
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Summary of Evolution of Human Microbiota
- Normal Development of Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis
- Dysbiosis in the Neonatal Period: Role of Cesarean Section
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mode of Delivery and the Infant Microbiome
- Epidemiological Studies Suggesting Differences in Health Outcomes
- Strategies for Restoration of the Vaginal Microbes in C-Section-Delivered Infants
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgment
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure, Gut Microbiota Development, and Predisposition to Obesity
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epidemiologic Evidence: Early-Life Antibiotics and Subsequent Obesity
- Infant Gut Microbiota and Obesity
- Antibiotics and the Developing Gut Microbiota
- Experimental Evidence: Antibiotics, Microbiota, and Obesity in Animal Models
- Conclusions and Directions for Future Research
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Microbiota and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Role of Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Studies Assessing Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Discussion
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Microbiota and Obesity
- Abstract
- Obesity - The Epidemic
- The Microbiota: Origin and Potential in Reducing the Obesity Risk
- Microbiota Functions in Metabolic Health
- Gut Microbiota and Obesity Epidemic: Cause, Consequence, or Mechanism?
- Gut Microbiota Profiles Are Causally Linked to the Obesity Risk
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Microbiota in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy: Implications for Management
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Diet and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Early Gut Microbiota Development
- Diet and Gut Microbiota
- Diet and Microbial Metabolites
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Conclusion
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Summary of Normal Development of Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides
- Enzymes in Human Milk
- Abstract
- Introduction
- A New Model for Protein Nutrition
- Research Discovery
- Enzymatic Proteolysis of Milk
- Implications to Infant Health
- Conclusions
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Compositional Analysis and Metabolism of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Compositional Analysis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides - Need for Standardized Methods
- Metabolism of Human Milk Oligosaccharides
- Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Term and Preterm Milk
- Intake of Human Milk Oligosaccharides - Differentiation between Lewis Blood Group and Secretor/Nonsecretor Milk Status
- Comparison of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Milk, Urine, and Feces in Mother-Child Dyads
- Urinary Excretion Pattern
- Fecal Excretion Patterns - Changes with Time
- Perspectives
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Differential Establishment of Bifidobacteria in the Breastfed Infant Gut
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Environmental Selection in the Gut
- Acquisition of Species: Bacterial Migration and Transmission
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Regulatory Aspects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Regulatory Framework
- European Union
- United States
- Japan
- Australia
- Potential Areas for Health Claim Documentation
- Summary and Future Perspectives
- Disclosure Statement
- References
- Summary on Human Milk Oligosaccharides
- Subject Index
- Cover
