Metabolic Pathways

ContributorsList of Common Abbreviations and SymbolsContents of Volume I13. Nitrogen Metabolism of Amino Acids I. Scope II. Deamination III. Deamidation IV. Transamination V. Amino Acid Racemases VI. Urea Biosynthesis and Related Systems VII. Summary Remarks Addendum References14. Carbon Catabolism of Amino Acids I. Scope of the Chapter II. Amino Acids Linked with the Citric Acid Cycle III. Glycine IV. The Hydroxyamino Acids V. The Aliphatic Branched-Chain Amino Acids VI. Certain Amino Acids of Uncertain Biological Significance VII. The Sulfur Amino Acids VIII. Lysine IX. Arginine and Ornithine X. Proline and Hydroxyproline XI. The Aromatic Amino Acids XII. Histidine XIII. Tryptophan XIV. The 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway XV. The Tryptophanase Pathway References15. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids and Related Compounds I. Introduction II. Biosynthesis of Serine and Phosphoserine III. The Glycine-Serine Interconversion IV. Formation of Phosphatide Bases V. Biosynthesis of Threonine and Homoserine VI. Interconversions of Glutamic Acid, Ornithine, and the Prolines VII. Biosynthesis of the Branched-Chain Amino Acids VIII. Biosynthesis of Lysine and Hydroxylysine IX. Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids ¿. Biosynthesis of Tryptophan XI. Synthetic Reactions Involving Tyrosine XII. Biosynthesis of Histidine References16. The Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Compounds I. The Biological Importance of Sulfur in Animals II. The Metabolism of Cysteine III. The Metabolism of Methionine IV. Glutathione V. Lipoic Acid VI. Biotin References17. The Synthesis of Proteins I. Introduction II. Studies on Protein Synthesis in Whole Cells III. Studies on Protein Synthesis with Cell-Free Systems IV. Evaluation of Results V. Relationship between Protein Synthesis and Other Metabolic Activities of the Cell References Addendum References to Addendum18. Purines and Pyrimidines I. Introduction II. Biosynthesis of the Purines III. Incorporation of Preformed Purine Compounds into Nucleic Acids IV. Summary of Purine Biosynthesis V. Purine Degradation VI. Biosynthesis of the Pyrimidines VII. Pyrimidine Catabolism VIII. Feedback Control of Purine and Pyrimidine Biosynthesis IX. Comparative Utilization of Free Bases versus Elementary Precursors in Nucleic Acid Synthesis References19. Nucleotides and Nucleosides I. General Introduction II. Components of the Nucleotides III. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) IV. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) V. Coenzymes and Group Activation References20. The Metabolism of Heme and Chlorophyll I. Introduction II. Tracer Studies of Protoporphyrin Biosynthesis III. Synthesis of a-Aminolevulinic Acid IV. d-Aminolevulinic Acid to Protoporphyrin V. The Iron Branch of the Biosynthetic Chain and Some General Properties of Heme and Heme Proteins VI. The Magnesium Branch of the Biosynthetic Chain and Chlorophyll Synthesis VII. Metalloporphyrins Other Than Iron or Magnesium VIII. Decomposition of Iron Protoporphyrin to Bile Pigments IX. Biochemical Lesions in Porphyrin Metabolism References21. Thiamine I. Biosynthesis II. Further Metabolism III. Thiamine Destruction IV. Conclusion References22. Metabolic Pathways Involving Niacin and Its Derivatives I. Biogenesis of Nicotinic Acid II. Relative Effectiveness of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide III. Synthesis of Pyridine Coenzymes from Nicotinamide and Nicotinic Acid IV. Enzymic Cleavage of DPN V. The Pyridine Coenzyme Requirement of Hemophilus VI. Metabolism of Pyridine Nucleotides in Vivo VII. The Excretory Products of Niacin VIII. Antagonists of Nicotinamide References23. The Biosynthesis of Flavin Derivatives I.