Domain-Driven Design
Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software
1st Edition
Published on 13. July 2021
560 pages
978-0-13-218126-6 (ISBN)
Description
"Eric Evans has written a fantastic book on how you can make the design of your software match your mental model of the problem domain you are addressing.
"His book is very compatible with XP. It is not about drawing pictures of a domain; it is about how you think of it, the language you use to talk about it, and how you organize your software to reflect your improving understanding of it. Eric thinks that learning about your problem domain is as likely to happen at the end of your project as at the beginning, and so refactoring is a big part of his technique.
"The book is a fun read. Eric has lots of interesting stories, and he has a way with words. I see this book as essential reading for software developers-it is a future classic."
-Ralph Johnson, author of Design Patterns
"If you don't think you are getting value from your investment in object-oriented programming, this book will tell you what you've forgotten to do.
"Eric Evans convincingly argues for the importance of domain modeling as the central focus of development and provides a solid framework and set of techniques for accomplishing it. This is timeless wisdom, and will hold up long after the methodologies du jour have gone out of fashion."
-Dave Collins, author of Designing Object-Oriented User Interfaces
"Eric weaves real-world experience modeling-and building-business applications into a practical, useful book. Written from the perspective of a trusted practitioner, Eric's descriptions of ubiquitous language, the benefits of sharing models with users, object life-cycle management, logical and physical application structuring, and the process and results of deep refactoring are major contributions to our field."
-Luke Hohmann, author of Beyond Software Architecture
"This book belongs on the shelf of every thoughtful software developer."
-Kent Beck
"What Eric has managed to capture is a part of the design process that experienced object designers have always used, but that we have been singularly unsuccessful as a group in conveying to the rest of the industry. We've given away bits and pieces of this knowledge...but we've never organized and systematized the principles of building domain logic. This book is important."
-Kyle Brown, author of Enterprise Java (TM) Programming with IBM (R) WebSphere (R)
The software development community widely acknowledges that domain modeling is central to software design. Through domain models, software developers are able to express rich functionality and translate it into a software implementation that truly serves the needs of its users. But despite its obvious importance, there are few practical resources that explain how to incorporate effective domain modeling into the software development process.
Domain-Driven Design fills that need. This is not a book about specific technologies. It offers readers a systematic approach to domain-driven design, presenting an extensive set of design best practices, experience-based techniques, and fundamental principles that facilitate the development of software projects facing complex domains. Intertwining design and development practice, this book incorporates numerous examples based on actual projects to illustrate the application of domain-driven design to real-world software development.
Readers learn how to use a domain model to make a complex development effort more focused and dynamic. A core of best practices and standard patterns provides a common language for the development team. A shift in emphasis-refactoring not just the code but the model underlying the code-in combination with the frequent iterations of Agile development leads to deeper insight into domains and enhanced communication between domain expert and programmer. Domain-Driven Design then builds on this foundation, and addresses modeling and design for complex systems and larger organizations.Specific topics covered include:
Getting all team members to speak the same language
Connecting model and implementation more deeply
Sharpening key distinctions in a model
Managing the lifecycle of a domain object
Writing domain code that is safe to combine in elaborate ways
Making complex code obvious and predictable
Formulating a domain vision statement
Distilling the core of a complex domain
Digging out implicit concepts needed in the model
Applying analysis patterns
Relating design patterns to the model
Maintaining model integrity in a large system
Dealing with coexisting models on the same project
Organizing systems with large-scale structures
Recognizing and responding to modeling breakthroughs
With this book in hand, object-oriented developers, system analysts, and designers will have the guidance they need to organize and focus their work, create rich and useful domain models, and leverage those models into quality, long-lasting software implementations.
"His book is very compatible with XP. It is not about drawing pictures of a domain; it is about how you think of it, the language you use to talk about it, and how you organize your software to reflect your improving understanding of it. Eric thinks that learning about your problem domain is as likely to happen at the end of your project as at the beginning, and so refactoring is a big part of his technique.
"The book is a fun read. Eric has lots of interesting stories, and he has a way with words. I see this book as essential reading for software developers-it is a future classic."
-Ralph Johnson, author of Design Patterns
"If you don't think you are getting value from your investment in object-oriented programming, this book will tell you what you've forgotten to do.
"Eric Evans convincingly argues for the importance of domain modeling as the central focus of development and provides a solid framework and set of techniques for accomplishing it. This is timeless wisdom, and will hold up long after the methodologies du jour have gone out of fashion."
-Dave Collins, author of Designing Object-Oriented User Interfaces
"Eric weaves real-world experience modeling-and building-business applications into a practical, useful book. Written from the perspective of a trusted practitioner, Eric's descriptions of ubiquitous language, the benefits of sharing models with users, object life-cycle management, logical and physical application structuring, and the process and results of deep refactoring are major contributions to our field."
-Luke Hohmann, author of Beyond Software Architecture
"This book belongs on the shelf of every thoughtful software developer."
-Kent Beck
"What Eric has managed to capture is a part of the design process that experienced object designers have always used, but that we have been singularly unsuccessful as a group in conveying to the rest of the industry. We've given away bits and pieces of this knowledge...but we've never organized and systematized the principles of building domain logic. This book is important."
-Kyle Brown, author of Enterprise Java (TM) Programming with IBM (R) WebSphere (R)
The software development community widely acknowledges that domain modeling is central to software design. Through domain models, software developers are able to express rich functionality and translate it into a software implementation that truly serves the needs of its users. But despite its obvious importance, there are few practical resources that explain how to incorporate effective domain modeling into the software development process.
Domain-Driven Design fills that need. This is not a book about specific technologies. It offers readers a systematic approach to domain-driven design, presenting an extensive set of design best practices, experience-based techniques, and fundamental principles that facilitate the development of software projects facing complex domains. Intertwining design and development practice, this book incorporates numerous examples based on actual projects to illustrate the application of domain-driven design to real-world software development.
Readers learn how to use a domain model to make a complex development effort more focused and dynamic. A core of best practices and standard patterns provides a common language for the development team. A shift in emphasis-refactoring not just the code but the model underlying the code-in combination with the frequent iterations of Agile development leads to deeper insight into domains and enhanced communication between domain expert and programmer. Domain-Driven Design then builds on this foundation, and addresses modeling and design for complex systems and larger organizations.Specific topics covered include:
Getting all team members to speak the same language
Connecting model and implementation more deeply
Sharpening key distinctions in a model
Managing the lifecycle of a domain object
Writing domain code that is safe to combine in elaborate ways
Making complex code obvious and predictable
Formulating a domain vision statement
Distilling the core of a complex domain
Digging out implicit concepts needed in the model
Applying analysis patterns
Relating design patterns to the model
Maintaining model integrity in a large system
Dealing with coexisting models on the same project
Organizing systems with large-scale structures
Recognizing and responding to modeling breakthroughs
With this book in hand, object-oriented developers, system analysts, and designers will have the guidance they need to organize and focus their work, create rich and useful domain models, and leverage those models into quality, long-lasting software implementations.
More details
Edition
1. Auflage
Language
English
Place of publication
Boston
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
File size
3,81 MB
ISBN-13
978-0-13-218126-6 (9780132181266)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Eric Evans
Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software
Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software
Book
09/2003
1st Edition
Addison Wesley
€68.49
Available immediately
Person
Eric Evans is the founder of Domain Language, a consulting group dedicated to helping companies build evolving software deeply connected to their businesses. Since the 1980s, Eric has worked as a designer and programmer on large object-oriented systems in several complex business and technical domains. He has also trained and coached development teams in Extreme Programming.
Content
Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
I. PUTTING THE DOMAIN MODEL TO WORK.
1. Crunching Knowledge.
Ingredients of Effective Modeling.
Knowledge Crunching.
Continuous Learning.
Knowledge-Rich Design.
Deep Models.
2. Communication and the Use of Language.
UBIQUITOUS LANGUAGE.
Modeling Out Loud.
One Team, One Language.
Documents and Diagrams.
Written Design Documents.
Executable Bedrock.
Explanatory Models.
3. Binding Model and Implementation.
MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
Modeling Paradigms and Tool Support.
Letting the Bones Show: Why Models Matter to Users.
HANDS-ON MODELERS.
II. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
4. Isolating the Domain.
LAYERED ARCHITECTURE.
Relating the Layers.
Architectural Frameworks.
The Domain Layer Is Where the Model Lives.
THE SMART UI "ANTI-PATTERN"
Other Kinds of Isolation.
5. A Model Expressed in Software.
Associations.
ENTITIES (A.K.A. REFERENCE OBJECTS).
Modeling ENTITIES.
Designing the Identity Operation.
VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing Associations That Involve VALUE OBJECTS.
SERVICES.
SERVICES and the Isolated Domain Layer.
Granularity.
Access to SERVICES.
MODULES (A.K.A. PACKAGES).
Agile MODULES.
The Pitfalls of Infrastructure-Driven Packaging.
Modeling Paradigms.
Why the Object Paradigm Predominates.
Nonobjects in an Object World.
Sticking with MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN When Mixing Paradigms.
6. The Life Cycle of a Domain Object.
AGGREGATES.
FACTORIES.
Choosing FACTORIES and Their Sites.
When a Constructor Is All You Need.
Designing the Interface.
Where Does Invariant Logic Go?
ENTITY FACTORIES Versus VALUE OBJECT FACTORIES.
Reconstituting Stored Objects.
REPOSITORIES.
Querying a REPOSITORY.
Client Code Ignores REPOSITORY Implementation; Developers Do Not.
Implementing a REPOSITORY.
Working Within Your Frameworks.
The Relationship with FACTORIES.
Designing Objects for Relational Databases.
7. Using the Language: An Extended Example.
Introducing the Cargo Shipping System.
Isolating the Domain: Introducing the Applications.
Distinguishing ENTITIES and VALUE OBJECTS.
Role and Other Attributes.
Designing Associations in the Shipping Domain.
AGGREGATE Boundaries.
Selecting REPOSITORIES.
Walking Through Scenarios.
Sample Application Feature: Changing the Destination of a Cargo.
Sample Application Feature: Repeat Business.
Object Creation.
FACTORIES and Constructors for Cargo.
Adding a Handling Event.
Pause for Refactoring: An Alternative Design of the Cargo AGGREGATE.
MODULES in the Shipping Model.
Introducing a New Feature: Allocation Checking.
Connecting the Two Systems.
Enhancing the Model: Segmenting the Business.
Performance Tuning.
A Final Look.
III. REFACTORING TOWARD DEEPER INSIGHT.
8. Breakthrough.
Story of a Breakthrough.
A Decent Model, and Yet....
The Breakthrough.
A Deeper Model.
A Sobering Decision.
The Payoff.
Opportunities.
Focus on Basics.
Epilogue: A Cascade of New Insights.
9. Making Implicit Concepts Explicit.
Digging Out Concepts.
Listen to Language.
Scrutinize Awkwardness.
Contemplate Contradictions.
Read the Book.
Try, Try Again.
How to Model Less Obvious Kinds of Concepts.
Explicit Constraints.
Processes as Domain Objects.
SPECIFICATION
Applying and Implementing SPECIFICATION.
10. Supple Design.
INTENTION-REVEALING INTERFACES.
SIDE-EFFECT-FREE FUNCTIONS.
ASSERTIONS.
CONCEPTUAL CONTOURS.
STANDALONE CLASSES.
CLOSURE OF OPERATIONS.
DECLARATIVE DESIGN.
Domain-Specific Languages.
A Declarative Style of Design.
Extending SPECIFICATIONS in a Declarative Style.
Angles of Attack.
Carve Off Subdomains.
Draw on Established Formalisms, When You Can.
11. Applying Analysis Patterns.
12. Relating Design Patterns to the Model.
STRATEGY (A.K.A. POLICY).
COMPOSITE.
Why Not FLYWEIGHT?
13. Refactoring Toward Deeper Insight.
Initiation.
Exploration Teams.
Prior Art.
A Design for Developers.
Timing.
Crisis as Opportunity.
IV. STRATEGIC DESIGN.
14. Maintaining Model Integrity.
BOUNDED CONTEXT.
Recognizing Splinters Within a BOUNDED CONTEXT
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
CONTEXT MAP.
Testing at the CONTEXT Boundaries.
Organizing and Documenting CONTEXT MAPS.
Relationships Between BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
SHARED KERNEL.
CUSTOMER/SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT TEAMS.
CONFORMIST.
ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Designing the Interface of the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Implementing the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
A Cautionary Tale.
SEPARATE WAYS.
OPEN HOST SERVICE.
PUBLISHED LANGUAGE.
Unifying an Elephant.
Choosing Your Model Context Strategy.
Team Decision or Higher.
Putting Ourselves in Context.
Transforming Boundaries.
Accepting That Which We Cannot Change: Delineating the External Systems.
Relationships with the External Systems.
The System Under Design.
Catering to Special Needs with Distinct Models.
Deployment.
The Trade-off.
When Your Project Is Already Under Way.
Transformations.
Merging CONTEXTS: SEPARATE WAYS-SHARED KERNEL.
Merging CONTEXTS: SHARED KERNEL-CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
Phasing Out a Legacy System.
OPEN HOST SERVICE-PUBLISHED LANGUAGE.
15. Distillation.
CORE DOMAIN.
Choosing the CORE.
Who Does the Work?
An Escalation of Distillations.
GENERIC SUBDOMAINS.
Generic Doesn't Mean Reusable.
Project Risk Management.
DOMAIN VISION STATEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTED CORE.
The Distillation Document.
The Flagged CORE.
The Distillation Document as Process Tool.
COHESIVE MECHANISMS.
GENERIC SUBDOMAIN Versus COHESIVE MECHANISM.
When a MECHANISM Is Part of the CORE DOMAIN.
Distilling to a Declarative Style.
SEGREGATED CORE.
The Costs of Creating a SEGREGATED CORE.
Evolving Team Decision.
ABSTRACT CORE.
Deep Models Distill.
Choosing Refactoring Targets.
16. Large-Scale Structure.
EVOLVING ORDER.
SYSTEM METAPHOR.
The "Naive Metaphor" and Why We Don't Need It.
RESPONSIBILITY LAYERS.
Choosing Appropriate Layers.
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL.
PLUGGABLE COMPONENT FRAMEWORK.
How Restrictive Should a Structure Be?
Refactoring Toward a Fitting Structure.
Minimalism.
Communication and Self-Discipline.
Restructuring Yields Supple Design.
Distillation Lightens the Load.
17. Bringing the Strategy Together.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and Distillation.
Assessment First.
Who Sets the Strategy?
Emergent Structure from Application Development.
A Customer-Focused Architecture Team.
Six Essentials for Strategic Design Decision Making.
The Same Goes for the Technical Frameworks.
Beware the Master Plan.
Conclusion.
Appendix: The Use of Patterns in This Book.
Glossary.
References.
Photo Credits.
Index. 0321125215T08272003
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
I. PUTTING THE DOMAIN MODEL TO WORK.
1. Crunching Knowledge.
Ingredients of Effective Modeling.
Knowledge Crunching.
Continuous Learning.
Knowledge-Rich Design.
Deep Models.
2. Communication and the Use of Language.
UBIQUITOUS LANGUAGE.
Modeling Out Loud.
One Team, One Language.
Documents and Diagrams.
Written Design Documents.
Executable Bedrock.
Explanatory Models.
3. Binding Model and Implementation.
MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
Modeling Paradigms and Tool Support.
Letting the Bones Show: Why Models Matter to Users.
HANDS-ON MODELERS.
II. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
4. Isolating the Domain.
LAYERED ARCHITECTURE.
Relating the Layers.
Architectural Frameworks.
The Domain Layer Is Where the Model Lives.
THE SMART UI "ANTI-PATTERN"
Other Kinds of Isolation.
5. A Model Expressed in Software.
Associations.
ENTITIES (A.K.A. REFERENCE OBJECTS).
Modeling ENTITIES.
Designing the Identity Operation.
VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing Associations That Involve VALUE OBJECTS.
SERVICES.
SERVICES and the Isolated Domain Layer.
Granularity.
Access to SERVICES.
MODULES (A.K.A. PACKAGES).
Agile MODULES.
The Pitfalls of Infrastructure-Driven Packaging.
Modeling Paradigms.
Why the Object Paradigm Predominates.
Nonobjects in an Object World.
Sticking with MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN When Mixing Paradigms.
6. The Life Cycle of a Domain Object.
AGGREGATES.
FACTORIES.
Choosing FACTORIES and Their Sites.
When a Constructor Is All You Need.
Designing the Interface.
Where Does Invariant Logic Go?
ENTITY FACTORIES Versus VALUE OBJECT FACTORIES.
Reconstituting Stored Objects.
REPOSITORIES.
Querying a REPOSITORY.
Client Code Ignores REPOSITORY Implementation; Developers Do Not.
Implementing a REPOSITORY.
Working Within Your Frameworks.
The Relationship with FACTORIES.
Designing Objects for Relational Databases.
7. Using the Language: An Extended Example.
Introducing the Cargo Shipping System.
Isolating the Domain: Introducing the Applications.
Distinguishing ENTITIES and VALUE OBJECTS.
Role and Other Attributes.
Designing Associations in the Shipping Domain.
AGGREGATE Boundaries.
Selecting REPOSITORIES.
Walking Through Scenarios.
Sample Application Feature: Changing the Destination of a Cargo.
Sample Application Feature: Repeat Business.
Object Creation.
FACTORIES and Constructors for Cargo.
Adding a Handling Event.
Pause for Refactoring: An Alternative Design of the Cargo AGGREGATE.
MODULES in the Shipping Model.
Introducing a New Feature: Allocation Checking.
Connecting the Two Systems.
Enhancing the Model: Segmenting the Business.
Performance Tuning.
A Final Look.
III. REFACTORING TOWARD DEEPER INSIGHT.
8. Breakthrough.
Story of a Breakthrough.
A Decent Model, and Yet....
The Breakthrough.
A Deeper Model.
A Sobering Decision.
The Payoff.
Opportunities.
Focus on Basics.
Epilogue: A Cascade of New Insights.
9. Making Implicit Concepts Explicit.
Digging Out Concepts.
Listen to Language.
Scrutinize Awkwardness.
Contemplate Contradictions.
Read the Book.
Try, Try Again.
How to Model Less Obvious Kinds of Concepts.
Explicit Constraints.
Processes as Domain Objects.
SPECIFICATION
Applying and Implementing SPECIFICATION.
10. Supple Design.
INTENTION-REVEALING INTERFACES.
SIDE-EFFECT-FREE FUNCTIONS.
ASSERTIONS.
CONCEPTUAL CONTOURS.
STANDALONE CLASSES.
CLOSURE OF OPERATIONS.
DECLARATIVE DESIGN.
Domain-Specific Languages.
A Declarative Style of Design.
Extending SPECIFICATIONS in a Declarative Style.
Angles of Attack.
Carve Off Subdomains.
Draw on Established Formalisms, When You Can.
11. Applying Analysis Patterns.
12. Relating Design Patterns to the Model.
STRATEGY (A.K.A. POLICY).
COMPOSITE.
Why Not FLYWEIGHT?
13. Refactoring Toward Deeper Insight.
Initiation.
Exploration Teams.
Prior Art.
A Design for Developers.
Timing.
Crisis as Opportunity.
IV. STRATEGIC DESIGN.
14. Maintaining Model Integrity.
BOUNDED CONTEXT.
Recognizing Splinters Within a BOUNDED CONTEXT
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
CONTEXT MAP.
Testing at the CONTEXT Boundaries.
Organizing and Documenting CONTEXT MAPS.
Relationships Between BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
SHARED KERNEL.
CUSTOMER/SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT TEAMS.
CONFORMIST.
ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Designing the Interface of the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Implementing the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
A Cautionary Tale.
SEPARATE WAYS.
OPEN HOST SERVICE.
PUBLISHED LANGUAGE.
Unifying an Elephant.
Choosing Your Model Context Strategy.
Team Decision or Higher.
Putting Ourselves in Context.
Transforming Boundaries.
Accepting That Which We Cannot Change: Delineating the External Systems.
Relationships with the External Systems.
The System Under Design.
Catering to Special Needs with Distinct Models.
Deployment.
The Trade-off.
When Your Project Is Already Under Way.
Transformations.
Merging CONTEXTS: SEPARATE WAYS-SHARED KERNEL.
Merging CONTEXTS: SHARED KERNEL-CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
Phasing Out a Legacy System.
OPEN HOST SERVICE-PUBLISHED LANGUAGE.
15. Distillation.
CORE DOMAIN.
Choosing the CORE.
Who Does the Work?
An Escalation of Distillations.
GENERIC SUBDOMAINS.
Generic Doesn't Mean Reusable.
Project Risk Management.
DOMAIN VISION STATEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTED CORE.
The Distillation Document.
The Flagged CORE.
The Distillation Document as Process Tool.
COHESIVE MECHANISMS.
GENERIC SUBDOMAIN Versus COHESIVE MECHANISM.
When a MECHANISM Is Part of the CORE DOMAIN.
Distilling to a Declarative Style.
SEGREGATED CORE.
The Costs of Creating a SEGREGATED CORE.
Evolving Team Decision.
ABSTRACT CORE.
Deep Models Distill.
Choosing Refactoring Targets.
16. Large-Scale Structure.
EVOLVING ORDER.
SYSTEM METAPHOR.
The "Naive Metaphor" and Why We Don't Need It.
RESPONSIBILITY LAYERS.
Choosing Appropriate Layers.
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL.
PLUGGABLE COMPONENT FRAMEWORK.
How Restrictive Should a Structure Be?
Refactoring Toward a Fitting Structure.
Minimalism.
Communication and Self-Discipline.
Restructuring Yields Supple Design.
Distillation Lightens the Load.
17. Bringing the Strategy Together.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and Distillation.
Assessment First.
Who Sets the Strategy?
Emergent Structure from Application Development.
A Customer-Focused Architecture Team.
Six Essentials for Strategic Design Decision Making.
The Same Goes for the Technical Frameworks.
Beware the Master Plan.
Conclusion.
Appendix: The Use of Patterns in This Book.
Glossary.
References.
Photo Credits.
Index. 0321125215T08272003
