Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software
Description
Incorporate effective domain modeling into the software development process
Software design thought leader and founder of Domain Language, Eric Evans, provides a systematic approach to domain-driven design, presenting an extensive set of design best practices, experience-based techniques, and fundamental principles that facilitate the development of software projects facing complex domains. Intertwining system design and development practice, this book incorporates numerous examples based on actual projects to illustrate the application of domain-driven design to real-world software modeling and development.
- Domain Model : Part I outlines the goals of domain-driven development, defines terms, and gives an overview of the implications of using the domain model to drive communication and design
- Model-Driven Design : Part II condenses a core of best practices in object-oriented domain modeling into a set of basic building blocks and focuses on the kinds of decisions that keep the model and implementation aligned with each other, each reinforcing the other's effectiveness
- Refactoring: Part III delves into modeling principles that can guide choices along the way, and techniques that help direct the search
- Strategic Design : Part IV explores a triad of principles that apply to the system as a whole: context, distillation, and large-scale structure
Throughout the book, discussions are illustrated not with over-simplified, "" problems, but with realistic examples adapted from actual projects. With this book in hand, object-oriented developers, system analysts, and designers will have the guidance they need to organize and focus their work, create rich and useful domain models, and leverage those models into quality, long-lasting software implementations.
"The book is a fun read. Eric has lots of interesting stories, and he has a way with words. I see this book as essential reading for software developers-it is a future classic."
-Ralph Johnson, author of Design Patterns
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Eric Evans is the founder of Domain Language, a consulting group dedicated to helping companies build evolving software deeply connected to their businesses. Since the 1980s, Eric has worked as a designer and programmer on large object-oriented systems in several complex business and technical domains. He has also trained and coached development teams in Extreme Programming.
Content
Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
I. PUTTING THE DOMAIN MODEL TO WORK.
1. Crunching Knowledge.Ingredients of Effective Modeling.
Knowledge Crunching.
Continuous Learning.
Knowledge-Rich Design.
Deep Models. 2. Communication and the Use of Language.
UBIQUITOUS LANGUAGE.
Modeling Out Loud.
One Team, One Language.
Documents and Diagrams.
Written Design Documents.
Executable Bedrock.
Explanatory Models. 3. Binding Model and Implementation.
MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
Modeling Paradigms and Tool Support.
Letting the Bones Show: Why Models Matter to Users.
HANDS-ON MODELERS.
II. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN.
4. Isolating the Domain.LAYERED ARCHITECTURE.
Relating the Layers.
Architectural Frameworks.
The Domain Layer Is Where the Model Lives.
THE SMART UI "ANTI-PATTERN"
Other Kinds of Isolation. 5. A Model Expressed in Software.
Associations.
ENTITIES (A.K.A. REFERENCE OBJECTS).
Modeling ENTITIES.
Designing the Identity Operation.
VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing VALUE OBJECTS.
Designing Associations That Involve VALUE OBJECTS.
SERVICES.
SERVICES and the Isolated Domain Layer.
Granularity.
Access to SERVICES.
MODULES (A.K.A. PACKAGES).
Agile MODULES.
The Pitfalls of Infrastructure-Driven Packaging.
Modeling Paradigms.
Why the Object Paradigm Predominates.
Nonobjects in an Object World.
Sticking with MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN When Mixing Paradigms. 6. The Life Cycle of a Domain Object.
AGGREGATES.
FACTORIES.
Choosing FACTORIES and Their Sites.
When a Constructor Is All You Need.
Designing the Interface.
Where Does Invariant Logic Go?
ENTITY FACTORIES Versus VALUE OBJECT FACTORIES.
Reconstituting Stored Objects.
REPOSITORIES.
Querying a REPOSITORY.
Client Code Ignores REPOSITORY Implementation; Developers Do Not.
Implementing a REPOSITORY.
Working Within Your Frameworks.
The Relationship with FACTORIES.
Designing Objects for Relational Databases. 7. Using the Language: An Extended Example.
Introducing the Cargo Shipping System.
Isolating the Domain: Introducing the Applications.
Distinguishing ENTITIES and VALUE OBJECTS.
Role and Other Attributes.
Designing Associations in the Shipping Domain.
AGGREGATE Boundaries.
Selecting REPOSITORIES.
Walking Through Scenarios.
Sample Application Feature: Changing the Destination of a Cargo.
Sample Application Feature: Repeat Business.
Object Creation.
FACTORIES and Constructors for Cargo.
Adding a Handling Event.
Pause for Refactoring: An Alternative Design of the Cargo AGGREGATE.
MODULES in the Shipping Model.
Introducing a New Feature: Allocation Checking.
Connecting the Two Systems.
Enhancing the Model: Segmenting the Business.
Performance Tuning.
A Final Look.
III. REFACTORING TOWARD DEEPER INSIGHT.
8. Breakthrough.Story of a Breakthrough.
A Decent Model, and Yet..
The Breakthrough.
A Deeper Model.
A Sobering Decision.
The Payoff.
Opportunities.
Focus on Basics.
Epilogue: A Cascade of New Insights. 9. Making Implicit Concepts Explicit.
Digging Out Concepts.
Listen to Language.
Scrutinize Awkwardness.
Contemplate Contradictions.
Read the Book.
Try, Try Again.
How to Model Less Obvious Kinds of Concepts.
Explicit Constraints.
Processes as Domain Objects.
SPECIFICATION
Applying and Implementing SPECIFICATION. 10. Supple Design.
INTENTION-REVEALING INTERFACES.
SIDE-EFFECT-FREE FUNCTIONS.
ASSERTIONS.
CONCEPTUAL CONTOURS.
STANDALONE CLASSES.
CLOSURE OF OPERATIONS.
DECLARATIVE DESIGN.
Domain-Specific Languages.
A Declarative Style of Design.
Extending SPECIFICATIONS in a Declarative Style.
Angles of Attack.
Carve Off Subdomains.
Draw on Established Formalisms, When You Can. 11. Applying Analysis Patterns.
12. Relating Design Patterns to the Model.
STRATEGY (A.K.A. POLICY).
COMPOSITE.
Why Not FLYWEIGHT? 13. Refactoring Toward Deeper Insight.
Initiation.
Exploration Teams.
Prior Art.
A Design for Developers.
Timing.
Crisis as Opportunity.
IV. STRATEGIC DESIGN.
14. Maintaining Model Integrity.BOUNDED CONTEXT.
Recognizing Splinters Within a BOUNDED CONTEXT
CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
CONTEXT MAP.
Testing at the CONTEXT Boundaries.
Organizing and Documenting CONTEXT MAPS.
Relationships Between BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
SHARED KERNEL.
CUSTOMER/SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT TEAMS.
CONFORMIST.
ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Designing the Interface of the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
Implementing the ANTICORRUPTION LAYER.
A Cautionary Tale.
SEPARATE WAYS.
OPEN HOST SERVICE.
PUBLISHED LANGUAGE.
Unifying an Elephant.
Choosing Your Model Context Strategy.
Team Decision or Higher.
Putting Ourselves in Context.
Transforming Boundaries.
Accepting That Which We Cannot Change: Delineating the External Systems.
Relationships with the External Systems.
The System Under Design.
Catering to Special Needs with Distinct Models.
Deployment.
The Trade-off.
When Your Project Is Already Under Way.
Transformations.
Merging CONTEXTS: SEPARATE WAYS-SHARED KERNEL.
Merging CONTEXTS: SHARED KERNEL-CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION.
Phasing Out a Legacy System.
OPEN HOST SERVICE-PUBLISHED LANGUAGE. 15. Distillation.
CORE DOMAIN.
Choosing the CORE.
Who Does the Work?
An Escalation of Distillations.
GENERIC SUBDOMAINS.
Generic Doesn't Mean Reusable.
Project Risk Management.
DOMAIN VISION STATEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTED CORE.
The Distillation Document.
The Flagged CORE.
The Distillation Document as Process Tool.
COHESIVE MECHANISMS.
GENERIC SUBDOMAIN Versus COHESIVE MECHANISM.
When a MECHANISM Is Part of the CORE DOMAIN.
Distilling to a Declarative Style.
SEGREGATED CORE.
The Costs of Creating a SEGREGATED CORE.
Evolving Team Decision.
ABSTRACT CORE.
Deep Models Distill.
Choosing Refactoring Targets. 16. Large-Scale Structure.
EVOLVING ORDER.
SYSTEM METAPHOR.
The "Naive Metaphor" and Why We Don't Need It.
RESPONSIBILITY LAYERS.
Choosing Appropriate Layers.
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL.
PLUGGABLE COMPONENT FRAMEWORK.
How Restrictive Should a Structure Be?
Refactoring Toward a Fitting Structure.
Minimalism.
Communication and Self-Discipline.
Restructuring Yields Supple Design.
Distillation Lightens the Load. 17. Bringing the Strategy Together.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and BOUNDED CONTEXTS.
Combining Large-Scale Structures and Distillation.
Assessment First.
Who Sets the Strategy?
Emergent Structure from Application Development.
A Customer-Focused Architecture Team.
Six Essentials for Strategic Design Decision Making.
The Same Goes for the Technical Frameworks.
Beware the Master Plan. Conclusion.
Appendix: The Use of Patterns in This Book.
Glossary.
References.
Photo Credits.
Index. 0321125215T08272003