The Conservation of Insects and Their Habitats

Contributors ForewordAcknowledgements Opening Remarks1. Observe Extinction or Conserve Diversity? I. Introduction: Insects are Difficult to Conserve II. Insects, Nature Reserves and their Matrix III. Special Species IV. Communication with Farmers V. Communication among Entomologists and Conservation Organizations VI. Conclusion References2. North American Problems and Perspectives in Insect Conservation I. Introduction II. Status of Conservation Programmes III. Status Surveys IV. Progress in Listing Candidates V. Protection and Habitat Acquisition VI. Management and Recovery VII. Prognosis VIII. Conclusion References 3. Australia: Conservation of a Continental Insect Fauna I. Introduction II. Australian Environments and their History III. The Insect Fauna IV. Current Threats to Insects V. The History and Status of Insect Conservation in Australia VI. Conclusion References4. The Conservation of Island Insects and their Habitats I. Introduction II. Islands III. Island Conservation IV. Recommendations and Solutions References 5. The Conservation of Insects and their Habitats in Northern and Eastern Europe I. Introduction II. The Red Data Lists of Northern and Eastern Europe III. Protection of Insects and their Habitats in Northern and Eastern Europe IV. Causes of Threat and the Similarity of Species Lists in Finland and Sweden V. Conclusion References6. Mediterranean Insect Conservation I. Introduction II. The Mediterranean Insect Fauna III. Pleistocene Réfugia IV. Insect Conservation in the Mediterranean Area V. Threatened Environments of the Mediterranean Area References 7. Fragmentation, Isolation and Mobility of Insect Populations I. Introduction II. Isolation and Population Dynamics III. Examples of Insects responding to Increased Isolation IV. Conclusions References8. Woodlands: Past, Present and Potential for Insects I. Introduction II. Historical Background III. Changes in the Status of Woodland Insects IV. Ecological Specialization among Insects of Mature Woodland and Open Spaces V. The Management of Woods for Insect Conservation VI. The Need for Research and Education VII. Summary and Conclusions - the Future for Woodland Insects References 9. Lepidoptera as Indicators of Change in the Semi-natural Grasslands of Lowland and Upland Europe I. Introduction II. Intensively Cultivated Grassland III. Abandoned Grassland IV. Changes in Species and Families of Lepidoptera V. Reasons for Rapid Change in Insect Populations VI. Discussion and Conclusions References 10. Conserving Insects of Aquatic and Wetland Habitats, with Special Reference to Beetles I. Introduction: Sites, Habitat, Communities and Species II. International Species Protection III. The British Red Data Book - Insects IV. Species Rarity and Site Evaluation V. The Low Profile of Insect Conservation VI. Acceptance of the Need for Insect Conservation by Nonentomologists References 11. Creating New and Successional Habitats for Arthropods I. Introduction II. Arthropods in Ecological Successions III. Habitat Creation IV. Habitat Re-creation V. Habitat Mosaics of Different Successional Age VI. Discussion References Appendix I 12. The Conservation of Insects on Arable Farmland I. Introduction II. Background to the Development of Conservation Headlands III. Design and Agronomy of Conservation Headlands IV. Effect of Conservation Headlands on Chick-food Insects and Chick Survival V. Butterflies and Conservation Headlands VI. Conservation Headlands as a Tool in Conservation VII. Conclusions References 13. The Utilization and Value of Non-domesticated Insects I. Introduction II.