Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics

1 The First Law 1.1 Terminology 1.2 Closed Systems 1.3 Work Transfer 1.4 Heat Transfer 1.5 Energy Change 1.6 Open Systems 1.7 History References Problems 2 The Second Law 2.1 Closed Systems 2.2 Open Systems 2.3 Local Equilibrium 2.4 Entropy Maximum and Energy Minimum 2.5 Carathéodory's Two Axioms 2.6 A Heat Transfer Man's Two Axioms 2.7 History References Problems 3 Entropy Generation, or Exergy Destruction 3.1 Lost Available Work 3.2 Cycles 3.3 Nonflow Processes 3.4 Steady-Flow Processes 3.5 Mechanisms of Entropy Generation 3.6 Entropy-Generation Minimization References Problems 4 Single-Phase Systems 4.1 Simple System 4.2 Equilibrium Conditions 4.3 The Fundamental Relation 4.4 Legendre Transforms 4.5 Relations between Thermodynamic Properties 4.6 Partial Molal Properties 4.7 Ideal Gas Mixtures 4.8 Real Gas Mixtures References Problems 5 Exergy Analysis 5.1 Nonflow Systems 5.2 Flow Systems 5.3 Generalized Exergy Analysis 5.4 Air-Conditioning References Problems 6 Multiphase Systems 6.1 The Energy Minimum Principle 6.2 The Stability of a Simple System 6.3 The Continuity of the Vapor and Liquid States 6.4 Phase Diagrams 6.5 Corresponding States References Problems 7 Chemically Reactive Systems 7.1 Equilibrium 7.2 Irreversible Reactions 7.3 Steady-Flow Combustion 7.4 The Chemical Exergy of Fuels 7.5 Combustion at Constant Volume References Problems 8 Power Generation 8.1 Maximum Power Subject to Size Constraint 8.2 Maximum Power from a Hot Stream 8.3 External Irreversibilities 8.4 Internal Irreversibilities 8.5 Advanced Steam-Turbine Power Plants 8.6 Advanced Gas-Turbine Power Plants 8.7 Combined Steam-Turbine and Gas-Turbine Power Plants References Problems 9 Solar Power 9.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Thermal Radiation 9.2 Reversible Processes 9.3 Irreversible Processes 9.4 The Ideal Conversion of Enclosed Blackbody Radiation 9.5 Maximization of Power Output Per Unit Collector Area 9.6 Convectively Cooled Collectors 9.7 Extraterrestrial Solar Power Plant 9.8 Climate 9.9 Self-Pumping and Atmospheric Circulation References PROBLEMS 10 Refrigeration 10.1 Joule-Thomson Expansion 10.2 Work-Producing Expansion 10.3 Brayton Cycle 10.4 Intermediate Cooling 10.5 Liquefaction 10.6 Refrigerator Models with Internal Heat Leak 10.7 Magnetic Refrigeration References Problems 11 Entropy-Generation Minimization 11.1 Competing Irreversibilities 11.2balanced Counterflow Heat Exchangers 11.3storage Systems 11.4power Maximization or Entropy-Generation Minimization 11.5from Entropy-Generation Minimization to Constructal Law References Problems 12 Irreversible Thermodynamics 12.1 Conjugate Fluxes and Forces 12.2 Linearized Relations 12.3 Reciprocity Relations 12.4 Thermoelectric Phenomena 12.5 Heat Conduction in Anisotropic Media 12.6 Mass Diffusion References Problems 13 The Constructal Law 13.1 Evolution 13.2 Mathematical Formulation Of The Constructal Law 13.3 Inanimate Flow Systems 13.4 Animate Flow Systems 13.5 Size and Efficiency: Economies of Scale 13.6 Growth, Spreading and Collecting 13.7 Asymmetry and Vascularization 13.8 Human Preferences for Shapes 13.9 The Arrow of Time References Problems