Appreciative Inquiry

Chart of Case Stories xiii CHAPTER 1: The Case for a New Approach to Change 1 The Emerging Paradigm 9 The New Sciences 12 Thinking About Problems Using the New Paradigm 16 CHAPTER 2: Appreciative Inquiry: History, Theory, and Practice 21 Defining Appreciative Inquiry 22 A History of Appreciative Inquiry 23 AI and the Field of Organization Development 31 The Relevance of AI to Complex, Transformative Change 33 AI and the Challenge of Organization Transformation 34 Complex Change and the Two Gifts of Appreciative Inquiry 36 The Theoretical Basis for Appreciative Inquiry 38 Social Constructionism 38 The Power of Image 42 Social Constructionism + The Power of Image = Appreciative Inquiry in Organization Change 47 What Good Are Positive Emotions? 48 Case Story: Living Well with Dementia: Creating a Regional Strategy for the East Midlands, by Julie Barnes and Jill Guild 50 CHAPTER 3: Appreciative Inquiry as a Perspective for Organization Change 67 The "DNA" of Appreciative Inquiry 68 The Core Principles of AI 71 Are Principles Important? 71 The Five Original Principles Plus Wholeness 72 The Five Generic Core Processes for Guiding AI-Based Change 82 Multiple Models of the Five Generic Core Processes of AI 83 The Original Cooperrider/Srivastva Model 83 The GEM Initiative Four-D Model 85 A Fifth D 86 The Mohr/Jacobsgaard Four "I" Model 89 Skills and Knowledge Needed to Lead AI Processes 92 Case Story: Using the SOAR Framework at Aerospace Alliant International (AAI), by Jacqueline M. Stavros 99 Case Story: The Results of Appreciative Management by a Corporate Manager, by Daniel Saint 108 CHAPTER 4: Choose the Positive as the Focus of Inquiry (Defi ne) 111 Define: Focusing on the Positive 111 Raising the Choice Point 113 Explaining and Demonstrating 116 Identifying the Focus for Inquiry 121 Case Story: AI Stories from a Training and Technical Assistance Center (T/TAC): New Possibilities for Improving Outcomes for Students with Disabilities, by Denyse Doerries, Donni Davis-Perry, and Lori Korinek 129 Case Story: From Defi cits to Strengths: Six Sigma from the AI Perspective, by David Shaked 139 CHAPTER 5: Inquire into Stories of What Gives Life in the System (Discover) 145 Rationale for the Use of Stories 146 A Preparation Workshop to Develop the Customized Interview Protocol and Decide on an Inquiry Process 148 Step 1: Select a Core Group and Possibly a Steering Team 150 Step 2: Orient Participants to the Goals of the Workshop and to Their Role in Meeting the Goals 151 Step 3: Quickly Get Participants into an Experience of AI 154 Step 4: Debrief the Mini-AI Experience 157 Step 5: Share Highlights of the Interviews and Select Topics for Further Inquiry 157 Step 6: Create Questions to Be Added to the Four Generic Questions 160 Step 7: Develop the Inquiry Process 166 Interviewer Training 171 Conclusion 173 Case Story: Appreciative Living: Using AI in Daily Life, by Jacqueline Kelm 175 Case Story: Appreciative Life Coaching, by Bob Tschannen-Moran 184 CHAPTER 6: Locate Themes That Appear in the Stories (Discover) 191 Identifying Themes 193 Example of the Themes 193 A Process for Selecting Themes 198 Expanding the Dialogue 201 Case Story: Appreciative Inquiry at Los Angeles Universal Preschool (LAUP): The LAUP/UDEM Dream Team, by Terri Egan, Nancy Westrup Villarreal, and Daphne Deporres 203 CHAPTER 7: Create Shared Images for a Preferred Future (Dream) 213 Articulating the Dream of an Organization's Future 214 Examples of Ways to Facilitate Creation of Shared Images 217 Provocative Propositions 218 Case Story: Advancing the Safety and Quality of Care in the Emergency Department Over Time: A Story with Three Acts, by Nancy Shendell-Falik, Amy Doran, and Bernard J. Mohr 223 Case Story: Appreciative Inquiry with a Search Committee, by Liz Workman 234 CHAPTER 8: Innovate Ways to Create That Preferred Future (Deliver) 237 Organization Design Processes 241 The Individual Action Approach 241 The Whole System Design Approach 242 A Design Framework: The ABC Model 242 Assumptions of the Organization Inquiry Model 244 How to Use the Organization Inquiry Model 247 Case Story: Building Momentum for Sustainable Changes in Education: Toronto District School Board, by Sue Derby, Maureen McKenna, Karen Leckie, and Nancy Nightingale 259 Case Story: Introducing Appreciative Inquiry into a Community Network Project in Liverpool, England, by Tim Slack and Phil Taylor 266 CHAPTER 9: Valuation 275 Classical Evaluation 275 Evaluation from Appreciative Inquiry Perspective 276 Learnings, Innovations, and Reaffi rmations from This Case 279 Evaluation as an Integral Part of Any AI Process 281 Case Story: Valuation of the Effectiveness of AI for the Zambia Police Services Victim Support Unit, by Mette Jacobsgaard 283 References and Bibliography 295 About the Authors 301 Index 307