Modern Drying Technology

COMPREHENSIVE DRYING MODELS BASED ON VOLUME AVERAGING. BACKGROUND, APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVE Microscopic Foundations of the Macroscopic Formulation The Macroscopic Set of Equations Physical Phenomena Embedded in the Equations Computational Strategy to Solve the Comprehensive Set of Macroscopic Equations Possibilities Offered by this Modeling Approach: Convective Drying Possibilities Offered by this Modeling Approach: Less-Common Drying Configurations Homogenization as a Way to Supply the Code with Physical Parameters The Multiscale Approach PORE-NETWORK MODELS: A POWERFUL TOOL TO STUDY DRYING AT THE PORE LEVEL AND UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON DRYING KINETICS Introduction Isothermal Drying Model Model Extensions Influence of Pore Structure Towards an Assessment of Continuous Models CONTINUOUS THERMOMECHANICAL MODELS USING VOLUME-AVERAGING THEORY Introduction Modeling Simulation Liquid Pressure as Driving Force Conclusions CONTINUOUS THERMOHYDROMECHANICAL MODEL USING THE THEORY OF MIXTURES Preliminaries Global Balance Equations Constitutive Equations in the Skeletal Frame of Reference Rate Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer Differential Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer Thermomechanical Equations for a Drying Body Drying of a Cylindrical Sample made of Kaolin Final Remarks CFD IN DRYING TECHNOLOGY - SPRAY-DRYER SIMULATION Introduction The Euler-Lagrange Approach: An Extended Model for Spray-Dryer Calculations Droplet-Drying Models Collisions of Particles Example of a Spray-Dryer Calculation Prediction of Product Properties Summary NUMERICAL METHODS ON POPULATION BALANCES Introduction Pure Breakage Pure Aggregation Pure Growth Combined Aggregation and Breakage Combined Aggregation and Nucleation Combined Growth and Aggregation Combined Growth and Nucleation Multidimensional Population Balances PROCESS-SYSTEMS SIMULATION TOOLS Introduction Numerical Calculation Procedures Heat and Mass Balances Scoping Design Methods Scaling Methods Detailed Design Models Ancillary Calculations Process Simulators Expert Systems and Decision-Making Tools Knowledge Bases and Qualitative Information Commercialization of Drying Software Conclusions