Investigating Biology Laboratory Manual

Table of Contents



Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 1.1 Questions and Hypotheses
Exercise 1.2 Designing Experiments to Test Hypotheses
Exercise 1.3 Designing an Experiment
Exercise 1.4 Presenting and Analyzing Results
Exercise 1.5 Interpreting and Communicating Results
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Microscopes and Cells

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 2.1 The Compound Light Microscope
Exercise 2.2 Basic Microscope Techniques
Exercise 2.3 The Stereoscopic Microscope
Exercise 2.4 The Transmission Electron Microscope
Exercise 2.5 The Organization of Cells
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Diffusion and Osmosis

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 3.1 Diffusion of Molecules
Exercise 3.2 Osmotic Activity in Cells
Exercise 3.3 Investigating 0smolarity of Plant Cells
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Enzymes

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 4.1 Experimental Method and the Action of Catechol 0xidase
Exercise 4.2 Inhibiting the Action of Catechol Oxidase
Exercise 4.3 Influence of Enzyme Concentration, pH, and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 5.1 Alcoholic Fermentation
Exercise 5.2 Cellular Respiration
Exercise 5.3 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Photosynthesis

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 6.1 The Wavelengths of Light for Photosynthesis
Exercise 6.2 Pigments in Photosynthesis
Exercise 6.3 Separation and Identification of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography
Exercise 6.4 Determining the Absorption Spectrum for Leaf Pigments
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Mitosis and Meiosis

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 7 .1 Modeling the Cell Cycle and Mitosis in an Animal Cell
Exercise 7.2 Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Exercise 7.3 Observing Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
Exercise 7.4 Modeling Meiosis
Exercise 7 .5 Meiosis inSordaria fimicola: A Study of Crossing Over
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Mendelian Genetics I: Fast Plants

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 8.1 Inheritance of Anthocyanin Gene
Exercise 8.2 Inheritance of Plant Color: Green, Yellow-Green, and Purple (Anthocyanin Present)
Exercise 8.3 Inheritance of Variegated and Nonvariegated Leaf Color
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions 214
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Mendelian Genetics II: Drosophila

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 9.1 Establishing the Enzyme Reaction Controls
Exercise 9.2 Determining the Pattern of Inheritance of the Aldox Gene
Exercise 9.3 Determining Parental Genotypes Using Evidence from Progeny
Exercise 9.4 Mapping Genes
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Molecular Biology

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 10.1 Mapping DNA Using Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis
Exercise 10.2 Practice Problem for Mapping DNA
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Population Genetics: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 11.1 Testing Hardy-Weinberg EqAiliAtium Using a Bead Model
Exercise 11.2 Simulation of Evolutionary Change Using the Bead Model
Exercise 11.3 Open-Inquiry Computer Simulation of Evolution
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Bacteriology

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 12.1 Investigating Characteristics of Bacteria
Exercise 12.2 Ecological Succession of Bacteria in Milk
Exercise 12.3 Bacteria in the Environment
Exercise 12.4 Controlling the Growth of Bacteria
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Protists

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 13.1 Supergroup Excavata
Exercise 13.2 Supergroup *sAR*
Exercise 13.3 Supergroup Unikonta
Exercise 13.4 Supergroup Archaeplastida
Exercise 13.5 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowleqge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Plant Diversity I: Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants) and Seedless Vascular Plants

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 14.1 Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants)
Exercise 14.2 Seedless Vascular Plants
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants

Laboratory Objectives
Exercise 15.1 Gymnosperms
Exercise 15.2 Angiosperms
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extension
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Bioinformatics: Molecular Phylogeny of Plants

Exercise 16.1 Establishing Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships Among Rubisco Large Subunit Genes
Exercise 16.2 Analyzing Phylogenetic Trees and Reporting Results
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extension
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


The Kingdom Fungi

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 17.1 A Survey of Major Fungal Groups
Exercise 17.2 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Annelida

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 18.1 Phylum Porifera- Sponges(Scypha)
Exercise 18.2 Phylum Cnidaria-Hydras (Hydra)
Exercise 18.3 Phylum Pla tyhelminthes- Planarians(Dugesia)
Exercise 18.4 Phylum Mollusca-Clams
Exercise 18.5 Phylum Annelida-Clamworms(Nereis)and Earthworms(Lumbricus terrestris)
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extension
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Animal Diversity II: Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata

Exercise 19.1 Phylum Nematoda-Roundworms(Ascaris)
Exercise 19.2 Phylum Arthropoda
Exercise 19.3 Phylum Echinodermata- Sea Star
Exercise 19.4 Phylum Chordata
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extension
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Plant Anatomy

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 20.1 Plant Morphology
Exercise 20.2 Plant Primary Growth and Development
Exercise 20.3 Cell Structure of Primary Tissues
Exercise 20.4 Structure of Tissues Produced by Secondary Growth
Exercise 20.5 Grocery Store Botany: Modifications of Plant Organs
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extension
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Plant Growth

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 21.1 Factors Influencing Seed Germination
Exercise 21.2 Plant Growth Regulators: Auxin
Exercise 21.3 Plant Growth Regulators: Gibberellins
Exercise 21.4 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Vertebrate Anatomy I: The Skin and Digestive System

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 22.1 Histology of the Skin
Exercise 22.2 Introduction to the Fetal Pig
Exercise 22.3 The Digest ive System in the Fetal Pig
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Case Study
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Vertebrate Anatomy II: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 23.1 Glands and Respiratory Structures of the Neck and Thoracic Cavity
Exercise 23.2 The Heart and the Pulmonary Blood Circuit
Exercise 23.3 The Heart and the Systemic Circuit in the Thorax
Exercise 23.4 The Systemic Circuit in the Abdominal Cavity
Exercise 23.5 Blood
Exercise 23.6 Fetal Pig Circulation
Exercise 23.7 Details of the Respiratory System
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Case Studies
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Vertebrate Anatomy Ill: The Excretory Reproductive, and Nervous Systems

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 24.1 The Excretory System
Exercise 24.2 The Reproductive System
Exercise 24.3 Nervous Tissue, the Spinal Cord and Reflex Arc, the Sheep Brain, and the Vertebrate Eye
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Case Studies
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Animal Development

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 25.1 Development in Echinoderms: Sea Urchin and Sea Star
Exercise 25.2 Development in an Amphibian
Exercise 25.3 Development in the Zebraflsh
Exercise 25.4 Development in a Bird: The Chicken
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Animal Behavior

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 26.1 Taxis in Brine Shrimp
Exercise 26.2 Kinesis in Pill Bugs
Exercise 26.3 Agonistic Display in Male Siamese Fighting Fish
Exercise 26.4 Reproductive Behavior in Fruit Flies
Exercise 26.5 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites


Ecology I: Terrestrial Eco logy

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 27.1 Biotic Components
Exercise 27.2 Ablotic Components
Exercise 27.3 Data Analysis
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Optional Exercise: Investigating Weedy Fields
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
References
Websites


Ecology II: Computer Simulations of a Pond Ecosystem

Laboratory Objectives
Introduction
Exercise 28.1 Computer Model of the Pond Ecosystem
Exercise 28.2 Investigating the Effects of Disturbance on the Pond Ecosystem
Reviewing Your Knowledge
Applying Your Knowledge
Investigative Extensions
Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
References
Websites



Appendix A Scientific Writing and Communication Appendix B The Metric System Appendix C Instrumentation and Techniques Appendix D Chi-Square Test Appendix C Terminology and Techniques for Dissection