Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development

PREFACE

PART I: Examples of Natural and Nature-Inspired Materials

BIOMATERIALS FROM MARINE-ORIGIN BIOPOLYMERS
Taking Inspiration from the Sea
Marine-Origin Biopolymers
Marine-Based Tissue Engineering Approaches
Conclusions

HYDROGELS FROM PROTEIN ENGINEERING
Introduction
Principles of Protein Engineering
Structural Diversity and Applications of Protein-Engineered Hydrogels
Development of Biomimetic Protein-Engineered Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications
Conclusions and Future Perspective

COLLAGEN-BASED BIOMATERIALS FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Introduction
Collagens In Vivo
Collagen In Vitro
Collagen Hydrogels
Collagen Sponges
Multichannel Collagen Scaffolds
What Tissues Do Collagen Biomaterials Mimic? (see Table 3.1)
Concluding Remarks

SILK-BASED BIOMATERIALS
Introduction
Silk Proteins
Mechanical Properties
Biomedical Applications of Silk
Final Remarks

ELASTINLIKE MACROMOLECULES
General Introduction
Materials Engineering - an Overview on Synthetic and Natural Biomaterials
Elastin as a Source of Inspiration for Nature-Inspired Polymers
Nature-Inspired Biosynthetic Elastins
ELRs as Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications
Conclusions

BIOMIMETIC MOLECULAR RECOGNITION ELEMENTS FOR CHEMICAL SENSING
Introduction
Theory of Molecular Recognition
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Supramolecular Chemistry
5 Biomolecular Materials
Summary and Future of Biomimetic-Sensor-Coating Materials

PART II: Surfaces Aspects

BIOLOGY LESSONS FOR ENGINEERING SURFACES FOR CONTROLLING CELL- MATERIAL ADHESION
Introduction
The Extracellular Matrix
Protein Structure
Basics of Protein Adsorption
Kinetics of Protein Adsorption
Cell Communication
Cell Adhesion Background
Integrins and Adhesive Force Generation Overview
Adhesive Interactions in Cell, and Host Responses to Biomaterials
Model Systems for Controlling Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion
Self-Assembling Monolayers (SAMs)
Real-World Materials for Medical Applications
Bio-Inspired, Adhesive Materials: New Routes to Promote Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Dynamic Biomaterials

FIBRONECTIN FIBRILLOGENESIS AT THE CELL- MATERIAL INTERFACE
Introduction
Cell-Driven Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis
Cell-Free Assembly of Fibronectin Fibrils
Material-Driven Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis

NANOSCALE CONTROL OF CELL BEHAVIOR IN BIOINTERFACES
Nanoscale Cues in Cell Environment
Biomimetics of Cell Environment Using Interfaces
Cell Responses to Nanostructured Materials
The Road Ahead

SURFACES WITH EXTREME WETTABILITY RANGES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Nature
Theory of Surface Wettability
Fabrication of Extreme Water-Repellent Surfaces Inspired by Nature
Applications of Surfaces with Extreme Wettability Ranges in the Biomedical Field
Conclusions

BIO-INSPIRED REVERSIBLE ADHESIVES FOR DRY AND WET CONDITIONS
Introduction
Gecko-Like Dry Adhesives
Bioinspired Adhesives for Wet Conditions
The Future of Bio-Inspired Reversible Adhesives

LESSONS FROM SEA ORGANISMS TO PRODUCE NEW BIOMEDICAL ADHESIVES
Introduction
Composition of Natural Adhesives
Recombinant Adhesive Proteins
Production of Bio-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive Polymers
Perspectives

PART III: Hard and Mineralized Systems

INTERFACIAL FORCES AND INTERFACES IN HARD BIOMATERIAL MECHANICS
Introduction
Hard Biological Materials
Bioengineering and Biomimetics
Summary

NACRE-INSPIRED BIOMATERIALS
Introduction
Structure of Nacre
Why Is Nacre So Strong?
Strategies to Produce Nacre-Inspired Biomaterials
Conclusions

SURFACES INDUCING BIOMINERALIZATION
Mineralized Structures in Nature: the Example of Bone
Learning from Nature to the Research Laboratory
Smart Mineralizing Surfaces
In Situ Self-Assembly on Implant Surfaces to Direct Mineralization
Conclusions

BIOACTIVE NANOCOMPOSITES CONTAINING SILICATE PHASES FOR BONE REPLACEMENT AND REGENERATION
Introduction
Nanostructure and Nanofeatures of the Bone
Nanocomposites-Containing Silicate Nanophases
Final Considerations

PART IV: Systems for the Delivery of Bioactive Agents

BIOMIMETIC NANOSTRUCTURED APATITIC MATRICES FOR DRUG DELIVERY
Introduction
Biomimetic Apatite Nanocrystals
Biomedical Applications of Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatites
Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatite as Drug Delivery System
Adsorption and Release of Proteins
Conclusions and Perspectives

NANOSTRUCTURES AND NANOSTRUCTURED NETWORKS FOR SMART DRUG DELIVERY
Introduction
Stimuli and Sensitive Materials
Stimuli-Responsive Nanostructures and Nanostructured Networks
Concluding Remarks

PROGRESS IN DENDRIMER-BASED NANOCARRIERS
Fundamentals
Applications of Dendrimer-Based Polymers
Final Remarks

PART V: Lessons from Nature in Regenerative Medicine

TISSUE ANALOGS BY THE ASSEMBLY OF ENGINEERED HYDROGEL BLOCKS
Introduction
Tissue/Organ Heterogeneity In Vivo
Assembly of Engineered Hydrogel Blocks
Conclusions

INJECTABLE IN-SITU-FORMING SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
Introduction
Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds Formed by Electrostatic Interactions
Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds Formed by Hydrophobic Interactions
Immune Response of Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds
Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds for Preclinical Regenerative Medicine
Conclusions and Outlook

BIOMIMETIC HYDROGELS FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Introduction
Natural and Synthetic Hydrogels
Hydrogel Properties
Engineering Strategies for Hydrogel Development
Applications in Biomedicine

BIO-INSPIRED 3D ENVIRONMENTS FOR CARTILAGE ENGINEERING
Articular Cartilage Histology
Spontaneous and Forced Regeneration in Articular Cartilage
What Can Tissue Engineering Do for Articular Cartilage Regeneration?
Cell Sources for Cartilage Engineering
The Role and Requirements of the Scaffolding Material
Growth Factor Delivery In Vivo
Conclusions

SOFT CONSTRUCTS FOR SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING
Introduction
Structure of Skin
Current Biomaterials in Wound Healing
Wound Dressings and Their Properties
Biomimetic Approaches in Skin Tissue Engineering
Final Remarks