An Introduction to Poetry

* indicate sections that are new to this edition.



1. READING A POEM

William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree



Lyric Poetry

D. H. Lawrence, Piano

Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers



Narrative Poetry

Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence

Robert Frost, "Out, Out-"



Dramatic Poetry

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess


Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Adrienne Rich, Recalling "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers"



Writing a Paraphrase

Can a Poem be Paraphrased?

William Stafford, Ask Me

William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"

Checklist: Paraphrasing a Poem

Writing Assignment on Paraphrasing

More Topics for Writing

2. LISTENING TO A VOICE

Tone

Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz

Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know

Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book

Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter

Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles

Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert

Weldon Kees, For My Daughter



The Person in the Poem

Natasha Trethewey, White Lies

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal

Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting

* Suji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an Onion

William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry

James Stephens, A Glass of Beer

Anne Sexton, Her Kind

William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow



Irony

Robert Creeley, Oh No

W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen

Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage

John Betjeman, In Westminster Abbey

Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links

* Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig

* Joseph Stroud, Missing

Thomas Hardy, The Workbox



For Review and Further Study

William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper

* David Lehman, Rejection Slip

William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border

H. L. Hix, I Love the World, As Does Any Dancer

Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Wilfred Owen, War Poetry



Writing About Voice

Listening to Tone

Checklist: Analyzing Tone

Writing Assignment on Tone

Student Essay, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz"

More Topics for Writing

3. WORDS

Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First

William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say

Marianne Moore, Silence

Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!

John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You



The Value of a Dictionary

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath

John Clare, Mouse's Nest

J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead

Kelly Cherry, Advice to a Friend Who Paints

Carl Sandburg, Grass



Word Choice and Word Order

Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes

Kay Ryan, Blandeur

Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid

Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment

Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts



For Review and Further Study

E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town

Billy Collins, The Names

Anonymous, Carnation Milk

* Kenneth Rexroth, Vitamins and Roughage

* Gina Valdes, English con Salsa

Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Lewis Carroll, Humpty Dumpty Explicates "Jabberwocky"



Writing About Diction

Every Word Counts

Checklist: Thinking About Word Choice

Writing Assignment on Word Choice

More Topics for Writing

4. SAYING AND SUGGESTING

John Masefield, Cargoes

William Blake, London

Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock

* Gwendolyn Brooks, Southeast Corner

Timothy Steele, Epitaph

* E. E. Cummings, next to of course to god america i

Robert Frost, Fire and Ice

Clare Rossini, Final Love Note

* Jennifer Reeser, Winter-proof

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears

Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Richard Wilbur, Concerning "Love Calls Us to the Things of This World"



Writing About Denotation and Connotation

The Ways a Poem Suggests

Checklist: Analyzing What a Poem Says and Suggests

Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation

More Topics for Writing

5. IMAGERY

Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro

Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel

T. S. Eliot, The winter evening settles down

Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar

Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish

Anne Stevenson, The Victory

Charles Simic, Fork

Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence

Jean Toomer, Reapers

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty



About Haiku

Arakida Moritake, The falling flower

Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak

Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool

Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell

Taniguchi Buson, I go

Kobayashi Issa, only one guy

Kobayashi Issa, Cricket



Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps

Suiko Matsushita, Rain shower from mountain

Neiji Ozawa, War forced us from California

Hakuro Wada, Even the croaking of frogs



Contemporary American Haiku

Etheridge Knight, Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, John Ridland, * Garry Gay, Adelle Foley, Jennifer Brutschy, Connie Bensley, A Selection of Haiku



For Review and Further Study

John Keats, Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art

T. C. Hulme, The Image

Walt Whitman, The Runner

* William Carlos Williams, El Hombre

Chana Bloch, Tired Sex

Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter

* Rita Dove, Silos

Louise Glueck, Mock Orange

Billy Collins, Embrace

John Haines, Winter News

Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Ezra Pound, The Image



Writing About Imagery

Analyzing Images

Checklist: Thinking About Imagery

Writing Assignment on Imagery

Student Essay, Elizabeth Bishop's Use of Imagery in "The Fish"

More Topics for Writing

6. FIGURES OF SPEECH

Why Speak Figuratively?

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle

William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?



Metaphor and Simile

Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall

William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand

Sylvia Plath, Metaphors

N. Scott Momaday, Simile

Emily Dickinson, It dropped so low - in my Regard

Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home



Other Figures

James Stephens, The Wind

Margaret Atwood, You fit into me

John Ashbery, The Cathedral Is

George Herbert, The Pulley

* Dana Gioia, Money

* Charles Simic, My Shoes



For Review and Further Study

Robert Frost, The Silken Tent

* April Lindner, Low Tide

Jane Kenyon, The Suitor

Robert Frost, The Secret Sits

A. R. Ammons, Coward

Kay Ryan, Turtle

* Heather McHugh, Language Lesson, 1976

Robinson Jeffers, Hands

Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Robert Frost, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor



Writing About Metaphors

How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning

Checklist: Analyzing Metaphor

Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech

More Topics for Writing

7. SONG

Singing and Saying

Ben Jonson, To Celia

Anonymous, The Cruel Mother

* William Shakespeare, O Mistress Mine

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory

Paul Simon, Richard Cory



Ballads

Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan

Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham



Blues

Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues

W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues



Rap

Run D.M.C., from Peter Piper



For Review and Further Study

John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby

Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin'

* Aimee Mann, Deathly



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Paul McCartney, Creating "Eleanor Rigby"



Writing About Song Lyrics

Poetry's Close Kinship with Song

Checklist: Looking at Lyrics as Poetry

Writing Assignment on Song Lyrics

More Topics for Writing

8. SOUND

Sound as Meaning

Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance

William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?

John Updike, Recital

William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal

Emanuel di Pasquale, Rain

Aphra Behn, When Maidens Are Young



Alliteration and Assonance

A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock

* James Joyce, All Day I Hear

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The splendor falls on castle walls



Rime

William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga

James Reeves, Rough Weather

Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus

* Ogden Nash, The Panther

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan

Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur

Fred Chappell, Narcissus and Echo

Robert Frost, Desert Places



Readingand Hearing Poems Aloud

Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane

William Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father lies

Chryss Yost, Lai with Sounds of Skin

T. S. Eliot, Virginia



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

T. S. Eliot, The Music of Poetry



Writing About Sound

Listen to the Music

Checklist: Writing About a Poem's Sound

Writing Assignment on Sound

More Topics for Writing

9. RHYTHM

Stresses and Pauses

Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break

Ben Jonson, Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears

Sir Thomas Wyatt, With serving still

Dorothy Parker, Resume



Meter

Max Beerbohm, On the imprint of the first English edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm

Thomas Campion, Rose-cheeked Laura, come

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme

* Jacqueline Osherow, Song for the Music in the Warsaw Ghetto

A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty

* William Carlos Williams, Smell!

Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!

David Mason, Song of the Powers

Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Gwendolyn Brooks, Hearing "We Real Cool"



Writing About Rhythm

Freeze-Framing the Sound

Checklist: Scanning a Poem

Writing Assignment on Rhythm

More Topics for Writing

10. CLOSED FORM

Formal Patterns

John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable

Robert Graves, Counting the Beats

John Donne, Song ("Go and catch a falling star")

Phillis Levin, Brief Bio



The Sonnet

William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds

Michael Drayton, Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part

Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why

Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night

Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You

* Mark Jarman, Unholy Sonnet: Hands Folded

Timothy Steele, Summer

A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non

* R. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean Sonnet



The Epigram

Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Robert Herrick, William Blake, E. E. Cummings, Langston Hughes, J. V. Cunningham, John Frederick Nims, Stevie Smith, Brad Leithauser, Dick Davis, Anonymous, Hilaire Belloc, Wendy Cope, A selection of epigrams

W. H. Auden, Edmund Clerihew Bentley, Cornelius Ter Maat, Clerihews

Other Forms

Robert Pinsky, ABC

Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night

Robert Bridges, Triolet

Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

* A. E. Stallings, On Form and Artifice



Writing About Form

Turning Points

Checklist: Thinking About a Sonnet

Writing Assignment on a Sonnet

More Topics for Writing

11. OPEN FORM

Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway

E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill 's

W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death

William Carlos Williams, The Dance

Stephen Crane, The Heart

Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford

* Ezra Pound, Salutation

Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird


Prose Poetry

Carolyn Forche, The Colonel

* Charles Simic, The Magic Study of Happiness



Visual Poetry

George Herbert, Easter Wings

John Hollander, Swan and Shadow

Terry Ehret, from Papyrus

Dorthi Charles, Concrete Cat



Found Poetry

Ronald Gross, Yield



Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse

E. E. Cummings, in Just-

Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red

* Alice Fulton, Failure



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Walt Whitman, The Poetry of the Future



Writing About Free Verse

Lining Up for Free Verse

Checklist: Analyzing Line Breaks in Free Verse

Writing Assignment on Open Form

More Topics for Writing

12. SYMBOL

T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript

Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork

Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones

Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed

George Herbert, The World

* Edwin Markham, Outwitted

* John Ciardi, A Box Comes Home

Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken

Christina Rossetti, Uphill

* Christian Wiman, Postolka



For Review and Further Study

William Carlos Williams, The Term

Ted Kooser, Carrie

* Jane Hirshfield, Tree

Jon Stallworthy, An Evening Walk

Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover

Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

William Butler Yeats, Poetic Symbols



Writing About Symbols

Reading a Symbol

Checklist: Analyzing a Symbol

Writing Assignment on Symbolism

More Topics for Writing

13. MYTH

Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay

D. H. Lawrence, Bavarian Gentians

William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us

H. D., Helen



Archetype

Louise Bogan, Medusa

* John Keats, La Belle Dame Sans Merci



Personal Myth

William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming

* Gregory Orr, Two Lines from the Brothers Grimm

Diane Thiel, Memento Mori in Middle School



Myth and Popular Culture

Charles Martin, Taken Up

* Andrea Hollander Budy, Snow White

Anne Sexton, Cinderella



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Anne Sexton, Transforming Fairy Tales



Writing About Myth

Demystifying Myth

Checklist: Thinking About Myth

Writing Assignment on Myth

Student Essay, The Bonds Between Love and Hatred in H. D.'s "Helen"

More Topics for Writing

14. POETRY AND PERSONAL IDENTITY

Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus

Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilinguee



Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

Claude McKay, America

Samuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I Am

Francisco X. Alarcon, The X in My Name

* Amy Uyematsu, Deliberate

Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quinceanera

Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It



Gender

Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu

Emily Grosholz, Listening

Donald Justice, Men at Forty

Adrienne Rich, Women



For Review and Further Study

Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to love America

Andrew Hudgins, Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead

Alastair Reid, Speaking a Foreign Language

Philip Larkin, Aubade



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Rhina Espaillat, Being a Bilingual Writer



Writing About the Poetry of Personal Identity

Poetic Voice and Personal Identity

Checklist: Writing About Voice and Personal Identity

Writing Assignment on Personal Identity

More Topics for Writing

15. TRANSLATION

Is Poetic Translation Possible?



World Poetry

Li Po, Drinking Alone Beneath the Moon (Chinese text)

Li Po, Moon-beneath Alone Drink (literal translation)

Li Po, translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by Moonlight



Comparing Translations

Horace, "Carpe Diem" Ode (Latin text)

Horace, "Carpe Diem" Ode (literal translation)

Horace, translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Horace to Leuconoe

Horace, translated by James Michie, Don't Ask

Horace, translated by A. E. Stallings, A New Year's Toast

Omar Khayyam, Rubai (Persian text)

Omar Khayyam, Rubai (literal translation)

Omar Khayyam, translated by Edward FitzGerald, A Book of Verses underneath the Bough

Omar Khayyam, translated by Robert Graves and Omar Ali-Shah, Our Day's Portion

Omar Khayyam, translated by Dick Davis, I Need a Bare Sufficiency



Parody

Anonymous, We four lads from Liverpool are

Wendy Cope, From Strugnell's Rubaiyat

Hugh Kingsmill, What, still alive at twenty-two?

Bruce Bennett, The Lady Speaks Again

Gene Fehler, If Richard Lovelace Became a Free Agent

Aaron Abeyta, thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Arthur Waley, The Method of Translation



Writing a Parody

Parody Is the Sincerest Form of Flattery

Checklist: Writing a Parody

Writing Assignment on Parody

More Topics for Writing

16. Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America

Sor Juana

Asegura la Confianza de que Ocultura de todo un Secreto

Translated by Diane Thiel, She Promises to Hold a Secret in Confidence



Presente en que el Carino Hace Regalo la Llaneza

Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection



Pablo Neruda

Muchos Somos

Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many



Cien Sonetos de Amor (V)

Translated by Stephen Tapscott, One Hundred Love Sonnets (V)



Jorge Luis Borges

Amorosa Anticipacion

Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of Love



Los Engimas

Translated by John Updike, The Enigmas



Octavio Paz

Con los Ojos Cerrados

Translated by Eliot Weinberger, With Our Eyes Shut



Certeza

Translated by Charles Tomlinson, Certainty



Surrealism in Latin American Poetry

Frida Kahlo, Two Friedas

Cesar Vallejo, La Colera que Quiebra al Hombre en Ninos

Cesar Vallejo, translated by Thomas Merton, Anger



Contemporary Mexican Poets

Jose Emilio Pacheco, Alta Traicion

Jose Emilio Pacheco, translated by Alastair Reid, High Treason

* Francisco Hernandez, Bajo Cero

* Francisco Hernandez, translated by Carolyn Forche, Below Zero

* Tedi Lopez Mills, Convalecencia

* Tedi Lopez Mills, Convalescence



Writers on Writing

Octavio Paz, In Search of the Present



Writers on Translating

Alastair Reid, Translating Neruda



Writing Assignment on Spanish Poetry

More Topics for Writing

17. RECOGNIZING EXCELLENCE

Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face

Grace Treasone, Life

Emily Dickinson, A Dying Tiger - moaned for Drink

Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment

William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark

Wallace McRae, Reincarnation



Recognizing Excellence

William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium

Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias

Robert Hayden, The Whipping

Elizabeth Bishop, One Art

W. H. Auden, September 1, 1939



Evaluating Famous Poems

Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain!

Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus

* Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask

Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee



Writing Effectively



Writers on Writing

Edgar Allan Poe, A Long Poem Does Not Exist



Writing an Evaluation

You Be the Judge

Checklist: Evaluating a Poem

Writing Assignment on Evaluating a Poem

More Topics for Writing

18. WHAT IS POETRY?

Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica



Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, J. V. Cunningham, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, Gwendolyn Brooks, Robert Bly, Some Definitions of Poetry



Ha Jin, Missed Time

19. TWO CRITICAL CASEBOOKS: EMILY DICKINSON AND LANGSTON HUGHES

Emily Dickinson

Success is counted sweetest

* I taste a liquor never brewed

Wild Nights - Wild Nights!

I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain

I'm Nobody! Who are you?

* I Dwell in Possibility

The Soul selects her own Society

Some keep the Sabbath going to Church

After great pain, a formal feeling comes

This is my letter to the World

I heard a Fly buzz - when I died

I started Early - Took my Dog

Because I could not stop for Death

The Bustle in a House

Tell all the Truth but tell it slant



Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson

Emily Dickinson, Recognizing Poetry

Emily Dickinson, Self-Description



Critics on Emily Dickinson

Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily Dickinson

Thomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson's Manuscripts

Richard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson

Cynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of "Because I could not stop for Death")

Judith Farr, A Reading of "My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun"



Langston Hughes

The Negro Speaks of Rivers

Mother to Son

Dream Variations

I, Too

The Weary Blues

Song for a Dark Girl

Prayer

End

* Ku Klux

Ballad of the Landlord

Theme for English B

Subway Rush Hour

Sliver

* As Befits a Man

Harlem [Dream Deferred]



Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain

Langston Hughes, The Harlem Renaissance



Critics on Langston Hughes

Arnold Rampersad, Hughes as an Experimentalist

Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and Harlem

Darryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston Hughes

Peter Townsend, Langston Hughes and Jazz

Onwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of "Dream Deferred"

For Further Reading

Topics for Writing

20. CRITICAL CASEBOOK: T. S. ELIOT'S "THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK"

T. S. Eliot

T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock



Publishing "Prufrock"

* Ezra Pound, Letters to Harriet Monroe on "Prufrock"



The Reviewers on Prufrock and Other Observations: 1917-1918

* Unsigned, Review from Times Literary Supplement

* Unsigned, Review from Literary World

* Unsigned, Review from New Statesman

* Conrad Aiken, Divers Realists

* Babette Deutsch, Another Impressionist

* Marianne Moore, A Note on T. S. Eliot's Book

* May Sinclair, Prufrock and Other Observations: A Criticism



T. S. Eliot on Writing

* T. S. Eliot, Poetry and Emotion

* T. S. Eliot, The Objective Correlative

* T. S. Eliot, The Difficulty of Poetry



Critics on "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

* Christopher Ricks, What's in a Name?

* Philip R. Headings, The Pronouns in the Poem: "One," "You," and "I"

* Maud Ellmann, Will There Be Time?

* Denis Donoghue, One of the Irrefutable Poets

* Burton Raffel, "Indeterminacy" in Eliot's Poetry

* John Berryman, Prufrock's Dilemma

* M. L. Rosenthal, from "Adolescents Singing

Topics for Writing

21. POEMS FOR FURTHER READING

Anonymous, Lord Randall

Anonymous, The Three Ravens

Anonymous, The Twa Corbies

Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo Mountain Chant)

Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach

John Ashbery, At North Farm

* Margaret Atwood, Siren Song

W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening

W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts

Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station

William Blake, The Tyger

William Blake, The Sick Rose

Eavan Boland, Anorexic

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother

Gwendolyn Brooks, the preacher: ruminates behind the sermon

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways

Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister

Geoffrey Chaucer, Merciless Beauty

G. K. Chesterton, The Donkey

Lucille Clifton, Homage to my hips

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan

Billy Collins, Care and Feeding

Hart Crane, My Grandmother's Love Letters

E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond

* Marisa de los Santos, Perfect Dress

John Donne, Death be not proud

John Donne, The Flea

John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

John Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. Oldham

T. S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi

Louise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways

B. H. Fairchild, A Starlit Night

Robert Frost, Birches

Robert Frost, Mending Wall

Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California

Thom Gunn, The Man with Night Sweats

Donald Hall, Names of Horses

Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain

Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush

Thomas Hardy, Hap

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

Seamus Heaney, Digging

Anthony Hecht, Adam

George Herbert, Love

Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to Make Much of Time

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall

Gerard Manley Hopkins, No worst, there is none

Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover

A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now

A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young

Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters

Ben Jonson, On My First Son

* Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn

John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be

John Keats, To Autumn

* Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse

Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad

Philip Larkin, Poetry of Departures

Irving Layton, The Bull Calf

* Denise Levertov, The Ache of Marriage

Philip Levine, They Feed They Lion

* Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Riding into California

Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour

Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo

John Milton, How soon hath time

John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent

Marianne Moore, Poetry

Frederick Morgan, The Master

Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman

Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air

* Lorine Niedecker, Poet's Work

Yone Noguchi, A Selection of Hokku

Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys' Party

Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth

Linda Pastan, Ethics

Robert Phillips, Running on Empty

Sylvia Plath, Daddy

Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream

Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing

Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: a Letter

Dudley Randall, A Different Image

John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts

Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy

Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane

Mary Jo Salter, Welcome to Hiroshima

William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes

William Shakespeare, Not marble nor the gilded monuments

William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold

William Shakespeare, My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun

Louis Simpson, American Poetry

David R. Slavitt, Titanic

Christopher Smart, For I will consider my Cat Jeoffry

William Jay Smith, American Primitive

Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting

William Stafford, The Farm on the Great Plains

Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream

Jonathan Swift, A Description of the Morning

* Larissa Szporluk, Vertigo

Sara Teasdale, The Flight

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Dark house, by which once more I stand

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses

Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill

John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player

Derek Walcott, The Virgins

Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose

* Walt Whitman, Song of the Open Road

Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing

Richard Wilbur, The Writer

C. K. Williams, Elms

William Carlos Williams, Spring and All

William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady

William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge

James Wright, A Blessing

James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio

Mary Sidney Wroth, In This Strange Labyrinth

Sir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me seke

William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop

William Butler Yeats, The Magi

William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old

* Bernice Zamora, Penitents

22. LIVES OF THE POETS

* Writing

23. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE

Start by Reading Actively

Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay

Planning Your Essay

Prewriting: Discovering Ideas

Brainstorming

Clustering

Listing

Freewriting

Journaling

Outlining

Developing a Literary Argument

Purpose

Audience

Topic

Thesis

Argument

Claims

Persuasion

Evidence

Warrants

Credibility

Organization

Checklist: Developing an Argument

Writing a Rough Draft

Sample Student Essay, Rough Draft

Revising

Checklist: Revision Steps

Some General Advice on Rewriting

Sample Student Essay, Final Draft

Using Critical Sources and Maintaining Academic Integrity

The Form of your Finished Paper

Spell-Check and Grammar-Check Programs

Anonymous (after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar), A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers

24. WRITING ABOUT A POEM

Getting Started

Reading Actively

Robert Frost, Design

Thinking About a Poem

Preparing to Write

Writing a First Draft

CHECKLIST: WRITING A ROUGH DRAFT

Revising

CHECKLIST: REVISION

Some Common Approaches to Writing About Poetry

Explication

Sample Student Essay (Explication)

Randall Jarrell, On Frost's "Design"

Analysis

Sample Student Essay (Analysis)

Comparison and Contrast

Abbie Huston Evans, Wing-Spread

Sample Student Essay (Comparison and Contrast)

How to Quote a Poem

Topics for Writing

Robert Frost, In White

25. WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER

Getting Started

Choosing a Topic

Finding Research Sources

Finding Print Resources

Using Online Databases

Using Visual Images

CHECKLIST: USING VISUAL IMAGES

Finding Reliable Web Sources

CHECKLIST: FINDING SOURCES

Evaluating Sources

Print Resources

Choose Web Sources Carefully

CHECKLIST: EVALUATING SOURCES

Organizing Your Research

Refining Your Thesis

Organizing Your Paper

Writing and Revising

Guarding Academic Integrity

Papers for Sale Are Papers that "F"ail

A Warning Against Internet Plagiarism

Acknowledging Sources

Quoting a Source

Citing Ideas

Documenting Sources Using MLA Style

List of Sources

Parenthetical References

Works Cited List

Citing Print Sources in MLA Style

Citing Internet Sources in MLA Style

Sample Works Cited List

Endnotes and Footnotes

Concluding Thoughts

Reference Guide for Citations

26. CRITICAL APPROACHES TO LITERATURE

Formalist Criticism

Cleanth Brooks, The Formalist Critic

Robert Langbaum, On Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess"



Biographical Criticism

Leslie Fiedler, The Relationship of Poet and Poem.

Brett C. Millier, On Elizabeth Bishop's "One Art"



Historical Criticism

Hugh Kenner, Imagism

Joseph Moldenhauer, "To His Coy Mistress" and the Renaissance Tradition



Psychological Criticism

Sigmund Freud, The Nature of Dreams

Harold Bloom, Poetic Influence



Mythological Criticism

C. J. Jung, The Collective Unconscious and Archetypes

Northrop Frye, Mythic Archetypes



Sociological Criticism

Georg Lukacs, Content Determines Form

Alfred Kazin, Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln



Gender Criticism

Elaine Showalter, Toward a Feminist Poetics

Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, The Freedom of Emily Dickinson



Reader-Response Criticism

Stanley Fish, An Eskimo "A Rose for Emily."

Robert Scholes, "How Do We Make a Poem?"



Deconstructionist Criticism

Roland Barthes, The Death of the Author

Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth's "A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal"



Cultural Studies

Mark Bauerlein, What Is Cultural Studies?

* Camille Paglia, On Blake's "The Chimney Sweeper"

GLOSSARY OF LITERARY TERMS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INDEX OF FIRST LINES OF POETRY

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES

INDEX OF LITERARY TERMS