An Introduction to Poetry (with MyLiteratureLab)
11th Edition
Published on 1. November 2004
Book
Mixed media product
800 pages
978-0-321-29654-2 (ISBN)
Description
Both noted poets themselves, X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia write of their subject with a humor, style, and verve that makes the joys of poetry accessible to all.
More details
Edition
11th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
New Jersey
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Width: 236 mm
Thickness: 25 mm
Weight
710 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-321-29654-2 (9780321296542)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Mona Field | Brian Kennedy
People and Promise of California, The (A Longman Topics Reader)
Book
09/2007
Pearson
€32.18
Article is exhausted; no reprint
X. J. Kennedy | Dana Gioia
An Introduction to Poetry
Book
01/2007
12th Edition
Pearson
€27.22
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Previous edition
X. J. Kennedy | Dana Gioia
Introduction to Poetry, An (Book Alone)
Book
07/2004
11th Edition
Pearson
€24.75
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
X.J. Kennedy, after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy ("Actually, I was pretty eighth class"). His poems, some published in the New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then he has written five more collections, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks, and seventeen books for children, including two novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts, and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on four books and five children.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. ("Not many poets have a Stanford M.B.A., thank goodness!") After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a vice presidency to write and teach. He has published three collections of poetry: Daily Horoscope (1986); The Gods of Winter (1991); Interrogations at Noon (2001), winner of the 2001 American Book Award; an opera libretto, Nosferatu (2002); several anthologies; and an influential study of poetry?s place in contemporary America, Can Poetry Matter? (1992). Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. He is also the co-founder of the summer poetry conference at West Chester University in Pennsylvania and a frequent commentator on literature for the British Broadcasting Corporation. He currently lives in Santa Rosa, California, with his wife, Mary, two sons, and an ever growing number of cats.
(The surname Gioia is pronounced JOY-A. As some of you may have already guessed, gioia is the Italian word for joy.)
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. ("Not many poets have a Stanford M.B.A., thank goodness!") After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a vice presidency to write and teach. He has published three collections of poetry: Daily Horoscope (1986); The Gods of Winter (1991); Interrogations at Noon (2001), winner of the 2001 American Book Award; an opera libretto, Nosferatu (2002); several anthologies; and an influential study of poetry?s place in contemporary America, Can Poetry Matter? (1992). Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. He is also the co-founder of the summer poetry conference at West Chester University in Pennsylvania and a frequent commentator on literature for the British Broadcasting Corporation. He currently lives in Santa Rosa, California, with his wife, Mary, two sons, and an ever growing number of cats.
(The surname Gioia is pronounced JOY-A. As some of you may have already guessed, gioia is the Italian word for joy.)
Content
"*" Denotes selections that are new to this edition. Most chapters conclude with "Writing Assignment" and "Further Suggestions for Writing."
FICTION.
1. Reading a Story.
Fable, Parable, and Tales.
W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra.
*Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes.
*Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends.
Chuang Tzu, Independence.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death.
Plot.
The Short Story.
John Updike A & P.
Writer's Perspective.
John Updike on Writing, Why Write?
Writing Critically.
What's The Plot?
2. Point of View.
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily.
*Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies.
James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues.
Writer's Perspective.
James Baldwin on Writing, Race and the African-American Writer.
Writing Critically.
How Point of View Shapes a Story.
3. Character.
Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.
Alice Walker, Everyday Use.
Raymond Carver, Cathedral.
Writer's Perspective.
Raymond Carver on Writing, Commonplace but Precise Language.
Writing Critically.
How Character Creates Action.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Comparing Miss Emily and Miss Brill
4. Setting.
Kate Chopin, The Storm.
T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake.
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets.
Writer's Perspective.
Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice.
Writing Critically.
How Time and Place Set a Story.
5. Tone and Style.
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.
William Faulkner, Barn Burning.
Irony.
Ha Jin, Saboteur.
Writer's Perspective.
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style.
Writing Critically.
Be Style Conscious.
6. Theme.
Chinua Achebe, Dead Men's Path.
Luke 15: 11-32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron.
Writer's Perspective.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction.
Writing Critically.
Stating the Theme.
7. Symbol.
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums.
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery.
*Elizabeth Tallent, No One's a Mystery.
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas.
Writer's Perspective.
Ursula K. Le Guin on Writing, On "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas".
Writing Critically.
Recognizing Symbols.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, An Analysis of the Symbolism In Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums."
8. Two Critical Casebooks: Edgar Allan Poe and Flannery O'Connor.
*Edgar Allan Poe.
Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death.
Edgar Allan Poe on Edgar Allan Poe.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Tale and Its Effect.
*Edgar Allan Poe, On Imagination.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Philosophy of Composition.
Critics on Edgar Allan Poe.
Daniel Hoffman, The Father-Figure in "The Tell-Tale Heart".
Marie Bonaparte, A Psychoanalytic Reading of "The Masque of the Red. Death".
*Charles Baudelaire, On Poe's Genius.
*James W. Tuttleton, Poe's Quest for Supernal Beauty.
Flannery O'Connor.
Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find.
Flannery O'Connor, Revelation.
Flannery O'Connor on Flannery O'Connor.
Flannery O'Connor, Excerpt from "On Her Own Work": The Element of Suspense in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
Flannery O'Connor, On Her Catholic Faith.
Flannery O'Connor, Excerpt from "The Grotesque in Southern Fiction": The Serious Writer and the Tired Reader.
Flannery O'Connor, Yearbook Cartoons.
Critics on Flannery O'Connor.
Robert Brinkmeyer Jr., Flannery O'Connor and Her Readers.
J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit.
Mary Jane Schenck, Deconstructing "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
Kathleen Feeley, Comic Perversion in "Good Country People."
Writing Critically.
How One Story Illuminates Another.
9. Stories for Further Reading
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings.
Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark.
Willa Cather, Paul's Case.
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour.
*Sandra Cisneros, House on Mango Street.
*Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown.
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat.
Kazuo Ishiguro, A Family Supper.
James Joyce, Araby.
Franz Kafka, Before the Law.
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl.
D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner.
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill.
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried.
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds.
POETRY.
10. Reading a Poem.
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree.
Lyric Poetry.
D. H. Lawrence, Piano.
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
Narrative Poetry.
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence.
Robert Frost, "Out, Out-."
Dramatic Poetry.
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess.
Writer's Perspective.
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
Writing Critically.
Can a Poem be Paraphrased?
William Stafford, Ask Me.
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me.
11. Listening to a Voice.
Tone.
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz.
Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know.
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book.
Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter.
Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles.
Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert.
Weldon Kees, For My Daughter.
The Person in the Poem.
*Natasha Trethewey, White Lies.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal.
Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting.
William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.
Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry.
James Stephens, A Glass of Beer.
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow.
Irony.
Robert Creeley, Oh No.
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen.
Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage.
Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links.
*Josephine Miles, Civilian.
Thomas Hardy, The Workbox.
For Review and Further Study.
William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper.
William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border.
Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta.
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est.
Writer's Perspective.
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry.
Writing Critically.
Paying Attention to the Obvious.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz."
12. Words.
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First.
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say.
Marianne Moore, Silence.
Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You.
The Value of a Dictionary.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath.
J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead.
Carl Sandburg, Grass.
Word Choice and Word Order.
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes.
Kay Ryan, Blandeur.
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid.
Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment.
Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts.
For Review and Further Study.
e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town.
*Billy Collins, The Names.
Anonymous, Carnation Milk.
William Wordsworth, My heart leaps up when I behold.
William Wordsworth, Mutability.
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky.
Writer's Perspective.
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates "Jabberwocky.
Writing Critically.
How Much Difference Does a Word Make?
13. Saying and Suggesting.
John Masefield, Cargoes.
William Blake, London.
Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Independent Man.
Timothy Steele, Epitaph.
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears.
Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World.
Writer's Perspective.
Richard Wilbur on Writing, Concerning "Love Calls Us to the Things of This World."
Writing Critically.
The Ways a Poem Suggests.
14. Imagery.
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro.
Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel.
T. S. Eliot, The winter evening settles down.
Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar.
Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish.
Charles Simic, Fork.
Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty.
About Haiku.
Arakida Moritake, The falling flower.
Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak.
Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool.
Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell.
Taniguchi Buson, I go.
Kobayashi Issa, only one guy.
Kobayashi Issa, Cricket.
*Suiko Matsushita, Rain shower from mountain.
*Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in bloom.
*Neiji Ozawa, War forced us from California.
*Neiji Ozawa, The war.
*Hakuro Wada, Even the croaking of frogs.
Etheridge Knight, *Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, John Ridland, Adelle Foley, Jennifer Brutschy, *Connie Bensley, A Selection of Haiku.
For Review and Further Study.
John Keats, Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art.
Walt Whitman, The Runner.
T. E. Hulme, Image.
Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter.
*Gary Snyder, Piute Creek.
H. D. , Heat.
Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning.
Writer's Perspective.
Ezra Pound on Writing, The Image.
Writing Critically.
Analyzing Images.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Elizabeth Bishop's Use of Imagery in "The Fish."
15. Figures of Speech.
Why Speak Figuratively?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle.
William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
Metaphor and Simile.
Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood-a Loaded Gun.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall.
William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand.
Sylvia Plath, Metaphors.
N. Scott Momaday, Simile.
Other Figures.
James Stephens, The Wind.
Chidiock Tichborne, Elegy, Written with His Own Hand in the Tower Before His Execution.
Margaret Atwood, You fit into me.
John Ashbery, The Cathedral Is.
*Louis MacNiece, Plain Speaking.
For Review and Further Study.
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent.
Denise Levertov, Leaving Forever.
Jane Kenyon, The Suitor.
Robert Frost, The Secret Sits.
*H. D., Love That I Bear.
A. R. Ammons, Coward.
Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose.
Writer's Perspective.
Robert Frost on Writing, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor.
Writing Critically.
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning.
16. Song.
Singing and Saying.
Ben Jonson, To Celia.
Anonymous, The Cruel Mother.
William Shakespeare, Take, O, take those lips away.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory.
Paul Simon, Richard Cory.
Ballads.
Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan.
Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham.
Blues.
Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues.
W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues.
Rap.
Run D.M.C., from Peter Piper.
For Review and Further Study.
John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, Queen of the Blues.
Writer's Perspective.
Paul McCartney on Writing, Creating "Eleanor Rigby."
Writing Critically.
Is There a Difference Between Poetry and Song?
17. Sound.
Sound as Meaning.
Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance.
William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?
John Updike, Recital.
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal.
Alliteration and Assonance.
A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock.
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Voice.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The splendor falls on castle walls.
Rime.
William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga.
Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus.
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur.
Fred Chappell, Narcissus and Echo.
Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud.
Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane.
William Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father lies.
Chryss Yost, Lai with Sounds of Skin.
T. S. Eliot, Virginia.
Writer's Perspective.
T. S. Eliot on Writing, The Music of Poetry.
Writing Critically.
Is it Possible to Write about Sound?
18. Rhythm.
Stresses and Pauses.
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break.
Ben Jonson, Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears.
Alexander Pope, Atticus.
Sir Thomas Wyatt, With serving still.
Dorothy Parker, Resume.
Meter.
Max Beerbohm, On the imprint of the first English edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme.
A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty.
*William Carlos Williams, Heel & Toe to the End.
Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!
David Mason, Song of the Powers.
Writer's Perspective.
Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing, Hearing "We Real Cool.
Writing Critically.
Freeze-Framing the Sound.
19. Closed Form.
Formal Patterns.
John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable.
Robert Graves, Counting the Beats.
John Donne, Song ("Go and catch a falling star.")
The Sonnet.
William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why.
Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night.
Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You.
R. S. Gwynn, Scenes from the Playroom.
A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non.
The Epigram.
Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Langston Hughes, J. V. Cunningham, Stevie Smith, Anonymous, A selection of epigrams.
Other Forms
Robert Pinsky, ABC.
Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night.
Robert Bridges, Triolet.
Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina.
Writer's Perspective.
Robert Graves on Writing, Poetic Inspiration and Poetic Form.
Writing Critically.
Turning Points.
20. Open Form.
Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway.
E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill 's.
W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death.
Stephen Crane, The Heart.
Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford.
Ezra Pound, The Garret.
Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.
Visual Poetry.
George Herbert, Easter Wings.
John Hollander, Swan and Shadow.
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse.
E. E. Cummings, in Just-.
Lucille Clifton, Homage to my hips.
Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red.
Writer's Perspective.
Walt Whitman on Writing, The Poetry of the Future.
Writing Critically.
Lining Up for Free Verse.
21. Symbol.
T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript.
Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork.
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones.
Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed.
*George Herbert, The World.
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken.
For Review and Further Study.
Robinson Jeffers, The Beaks of Eagles.
Sara Teasdale, The Flight.
*William Carlos Williams, The Term.
Ted Kooser, Carrie.
Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover.
Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar.
Writer's Perspective.
William Butler Yeats On Writing, Poetic Symbols.
Writing Critically.
How to Read a Symbol.
22. Myth and Narrative.
Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay.
Thomas Hardy, The Oxen.
William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us.
H. D., Helen.
Archetype.
Louise Bogan, Medusa.
Personal Myth.
William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming.
Diane Thiel, Memento Mori in Middle School.
Myth and Popular Culture.
Charles Martin, Taken Up.
Anne Sexton, Cinderella.
Writer's Perspective.
Anne Sexton On Writing, Transforming Fairy Tales.
Writing Critically.
Demystifying Myth.
23. Poetry and Personal Identity.
Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus.
Julia Alvare, The women on my mother's side were known.
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity.
Claude McKay, America.
Rhina P. Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilinguee.
Samuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I Am.
Francisco X. Alarcon, The X in My Name.
*Sherman Alexie, Indian Boy Love Song (#1).
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It.
Gender.
Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu.
Emily Grosholz, Listening.
Donald Justice, Men at Forty.
Adrienne Rich, Women.
For Review and Further Study.
*Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America.
Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quinceanera.
Writer's Perspective.
*Rhina P. Espaillat on Writing.
Writing Critically.
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity.
24. *Critical Casebook: Latin American Poetry.
Sor Juana.
*Asegura la Confianza de que Ocultura de Todo un Secreto. *Translated by Diane Thiel, She Promises to Hold a Secret in Confidence.
*Presente en que el Carino Hace Regalo la Llaneza. *Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection.
Pablo Neruda.
Muchos Somos. *Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many.
*Cien Sonetos de Amor (V). *Translated by Stephen Tapscott, One Hundred Love Sonnets (V).
Jorge Luis Borges.
*Amorosa Anticipacion. *Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of Love.
*Los Engimas. *Translated by John Updike, The Enigmas.
Octavio Paz.
Con Los Ojos Cerrados. Translated by John Felstiner, With Our Eyes Shut.
*Certeza. *Translated by Charles Tomlinson, Certainty.
Surrealism in Latin American Poetry.
*Frida Kahlo, Two Friedas.
*Cesar Vallejo, La Colera que Quiebra al Hombre en Ninos.
*Cesar Vallejo, translated by Thomas Merton, Anger.
Latin American Poets on Poetry.
*Sor Juana, Respuesta.
*Pablo Neruda, Towards the Splendid City.
*Jorge Luis Borges, The Riddle of Poetry.
*Octavio Paz, European Languages and the Literature of the Americas.
Critics on Latin American Poetry.
*Stephanie Merrim, Endgames: Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz.
*Alastair Reid, Translating Neruda.
*Emir Rodriguez Monegal, Borges and Paz.
Suggestions for Writing.
25. Recognizing Excellence.
Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face.
Grace Treasone, Life.
Emily Dickinson,D>, A Dying Tiger-moaned for Drink.
Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment.
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark.
Recognizing Excellence.
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium.
Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness.
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias.
Robert Hayden, The Whipping.
Elizabeth Bishop, One Art.
Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus.
Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee.
Writer's Perspective.
Edgar Allan Poe on Writing, A Long Poem Does Not Exist.
Writing Critically.
How to Begin Evaluating a Poem.
26. What is Poetry?
Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, Gwendolyn Brooks, Some Definitions of Poetry.
27. Two Critical Casebooks: Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes.
Emily Dickinson.
Success is counted sweetest.
Wild Nights--Wild Nights!
*There's a certain Slant of light.
I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain.
I'm Nobody! Who are you?
The Soul selects her own Society.
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church.
After great pain, a formal feeling comes.
*Much Madness is divinest Sense.
This is my letter to the World.
I heard a Fly buzz--when I died.
Because I could not stop for Death.
The Bustle in a House.
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant.
Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson.
Emily Dickinson, Recognizing Poetry.
Emily Dickinson, Self-Description.
Critics on Emily Dickinson.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily Dickinson.
Thomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson's Manuscripts.
Richard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson.
Cynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of "Because I could not stop for Death.")
Langston Hughes.
The Negro Speaks of Rivers.
Mother to Son.
Dream Variations.
I, Too.
The Weary Blues.
Song for a Dark Girl.
*Desire.
*Prayer.
Battle of the Landlord.
End.
Island.
Theme for English B.
Harlem [Dream Deferred].
Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes.
Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.
Langston Hughesm, The Harlem Renaissance.
Critics on Langston Hughes.
Arnold Rampersad, Hughes as an Experimentalist.
Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and Harlem.
Darryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston Hughes.
Peter Townsend, Langston Hughes and Jazz.
Onwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of "Dream Deferred."
Suggestions for Writing.
28. Poems for Further Reading.
*Anonymous, Lord Randall.
Anonymous, Western Wind.
Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo Mountain Chant).
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach.
John Ashbery, At North Farm.
*Margaret Atwood, Romantic.
W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening.
W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts.
Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station.
William Blake, The Tyger.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, the preacher: ruminates behind the sermon.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways.
Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan.
*Billy Collins, Care & Feeding.
e. e. cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond.
John Donne, Death be not proud.
John Donne, The Flea.
*Rita Dove, Summit Beach, 1921.
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
Robert Frost, Birches.
Robert Frost, Mending Wall.
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.
Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California.
Dana Gioia, California Hills in August.
Thom Gunn, The Man with Night Sweats.
Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain.
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays.
Seamus Heaney, Digging.
George Herbert, Love.
Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to Make Much of Time.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover.
A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now.
A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young.
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner.
Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters.
Ben Jonson, On My First Son.
*Donald Justice, Counting the Mad.
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn.
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer.
Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad.
Irving Layton, The Bull Calf.
*Adrien Louis, Looking for Judas.
Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour.
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo.
John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent.
Marianne Moore, Poetry.
Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman.
Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air.
Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves.
Yone Noguchi, A Selection of Hokku.
Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys' Party.
Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth.
Linda Pastan, Ethics.
Sylvia Plath, Daddy.
*Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream.
Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing.
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: a Letter.
Dudley Randall, A Different Image.
Henry Reed, Naming of Parts.
Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy.
Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane.
William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes.
William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold.
William Shakespeare, My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun.
Louis Simpson, American Poetry.
David R. Slavitt, Titanic.
Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting.
*William Stafford, The Farm on the Great Plains.
Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses.
Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill.
John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player.
*Amy Uyematsu, The Ten Million Flames of Los Angeles.
Derek Walcott, The Virgins.
Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose.
*Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing.
Richard Wilbur, The Writer.
William Carlos Williams, Spring and All.
William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady.
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge.
James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio.
Mary Sidney Wroth, In This Strange Labyrinth.
Sir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me seke.
William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop.
William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old.
DRAMA.
29. Reading a Play.
A Play in Its Elements.
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Tragedy and Comedy.
*Jane Martin, Beauty.
Writer's Perspective.
Susan Glaspell on Drama, Creating Trifles.
Writing Critically.
Conflict Resolution.
Writing Assignment: Student Essay, Outside Trifles.
30. Critical Casebook: Sophocles.
The Theater of Sophocles.
Staging.
The Civic Role of Greek Drama.
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy.
Plays.
The Origins of Oedipus the King.
Sophocles, Oedipus the King (Translated by Robert Fagles).
Robert Fitzgerald on Sophocles.
Robert Fitzgerald, Translating Sophocles.
Critics on Sophocles.
Aristotle, Defining Tragedy.
Sigmund Freud, The Oedipus Complex.
E. R. Dodds, On Misunderstanding Oedipus.
A. E. Haigh, The Irony of Sophocles.
Writing Critically.
Some Things Change. Some Things Don't.
31. Critical Casebook: Shakespeare.
The Theater of Shakespeare.
William Shakespeare.
Plays.
A Note on Othello.
William Shakespearem, Othello, the Moor of Venice.
Ben Jonson on Shakespeare.
Ben Jonson, On His Friend And Rival William Shakespeare.
Critics on Shakespeare.
W. H. Auden, Iago as a Triumphant Villain.
Maud Bodkin, Lucifer on Shakespeare's Othello.
Virginia Mason Vaughan, Black and White in Othello.
Anthony Burgess, An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare.
Writing Critically.
Breaking the Language Barrier.
Writing Assignment: Student Essay, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?
32. The Modern Theater.
Realism and Naturalism.
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House (Translated by James McFarlane).
Writer's Perspective.
George Bernard Shaw on Drama, Ibsen and the Familiar Situation.
Tragicomedy and the Absurd.
Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer.
Writer's Perspective.
Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Drama, Writing The Cuban Swimmer.
Writing Critically.
What's so Realistic about Realism?
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Helmer vs. Helmer.
33. Evaluating a Play.
Writing Critically.
Critical Performance.
34. Plays for Further Reading.
Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman.
Writer's Perspective.
Arthur Miller on Drama, Tragedy and the Common Man..
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie.
Writer's Perspective.
Tennessee Williams on Drama, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie.
35. New Voices in American Drama.
*Beth Henley , Am I Blue?
Writer's Perspective.
*Beth Henley on Drama , What's in a Title?
David Henry Hwang, The Sound of a Voice.
Writer's Perspective.
David Henry Hwang on Drama, Multicultural Theater.
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother.
Writer's Perspective.
Terrence McNally on Drama, How to Write a Play.
August Wilson , Joe Turner's Come and Gone.
Writer's Perspective.
August Wilson On Drama , Black Experience in America.
WRITING.
36. Writing About Literature.
Beginning.
Keeping a Journal.
Using Sources and Maintaining Academic Integrity.
Discovering Essay Ideas.
Drafting and Revising, or Creativty Vs. Analysis.
The Form of Your Finished Paper.
Using Spell-Check and Grammar-Check Programs.
Anonymous, after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar, A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers.
37. Writing About a Story.
Explicating.
Sample Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Sample Student Essay (Analysis).
Sample Student Card Report.
Comparing and Contrasting.
Suggestions for Writing.
38. Writing About a Poem.
Explicating.
Robert Frost, Design.
Sample Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Sample Student Essay (Analysis).
Comparing and Contrasting.
Abbie Huston Evans, Wing-Spread.
Sample Student Essay(Comparison).
How to Quote a Poem.
Before You Begin.
Suggestions for Writing.
Robert Frost, In White (early draft of "Design")
39. Writing About a Play.
Methods.
How to Quote a Play.
Reviewing a Play.
Sample Student Drama Review.
Suggestions for Writing.
*40. Writing a Research Paper.
Conducting Research for an Essay.
Evaluating and Using Internet Sources.
Guarding Academic Integrity.
Acknowledging and Documenting Sources.
Concluding Thoughts.
Reference Guide for Citations.
41. Critical Approaches to Literature.
Formalist Criticism.
Cleanth Brooks, The Formalist Critic.
Michael Clark, Light and Darkness in "Sonny's Blues."
Biographical Criticism.
Brett C. Millier, On Elizabeth Bishop's "One Art."
Emily Toth , Scandal and Kate Chopin.
Historical Criticism.
Hugh Kenner, Imagism.
Barbara T. Christian, Heritage in "Everyday Use."
Psychological Criticism.
Sigmund Freud, The Nature of Dreams.
Harold Bloom, Poetic Influence.
Mythological Criticism.
C. J. Jung, The Collective Unconscious and Archetypes.
Edmond Volpe, Myth in Faulkner's "Barn Burning."
Sociological Criticism.
Georg Lukacs, Content Determines Form.
Daniel P. Watkin, Money and Labor in "The Rocking-Horse Winner."
Gender Criticism.
Elaine Showalter, Toward a Feminist Poetics.
Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in "The Yellow Wallpaper."
Reader-Response Criticism.
Stanley Fish, An Eskimo "A Rose for Emily."
Michael J. Colacurcio, The End of Young Goodman Brown.
Deconstructionist Criticism.
Roland Barthes, The Death of the Author.
Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth's "A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal."
Cultural Studies.
Vincent B. Leitch, Poststructuralist Cultural Critique.
Mark Bauerlein, What is Cultural Studies?
FICTION.
1. Reading a Story.
Fable, Parable, and Tales.
W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra.
*Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes.
*Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends.
Chuang Tzu, Independence.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death.
Plot.
The Short Story.
John Updike A & P.
Writer's Perspective.
John Updike on Writing, Why Write?
Writing Critically.
What's The Plot?
2. Point of View.
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily.
*Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies.
James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues.
Writer's Perspective.
James Baldwin on Writing, Race and the African-American Writer.
Writing Critically.
How Point of View Shapes a Story.
3. Character.
Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.
Alice Walker, Everyday Use.
Raymond Carver, Cathedral.
Writer's Perspective.
Raymond Carver on Writing, Commonplace but Precise Language.
Writing Critically.
How Character Creates Action.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Comparing Miss Emily and Miss Brill
4. Setting.
Kate Chopin, The Storm.
T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake.
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets.
Writer's Perspective.
Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice.
Writing Critically.
How Time and Place Set a Story.
5. Tone and Style.
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.
William Faulkner, Barn Burning.
Irony.
Ha Jin, Saboteur.
Writer's Perspective.
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style.
Writing Critically.
Be Style Conscious.
6. Theme.
Chinua Achebe, Dead Men's Path.
Luke 15: 11-32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron.
Writer's Perspective.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction.
Writing Critically.
Stating the Theme.
7. Symbol.
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums.
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery.
*Elizabeth Tallent, No One's a Mystery.
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas.
Writer's Perspective.
Ursula K. Le Guin on Writing, On "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas".
Writing Critically.
Recognizing Symbols.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, An Analysis of the Symbolism In Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums."
8. Two Critical Casebooks: Edgar Allan Poe and Flannery O'Connor.
*Edgar Allan Poe.
Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death.
Edgar Allan Poe on Edgar Allan Poe.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Tale and Its Effect.
*Edgar Allan Poe, On Imagination.
*Edgar Allan Poe, The Philosophy of Composition.
Critics on Edgar Allan Poe.
Daniel Hoffman, The Father-Figure in "The Tell-Tale Heart".
Marie Bonaparte, A Psychoanalytic Reading of "The Masque of the Red. Death".
*Charles Baudelaire, On Poe's Genius.
*James W. Tuttleton, Poe's Quest for Supernal Beauty.
Flannery O'Connor.
Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find.
Flannery O'Connor, Revelation.
Flannery O'Connor on Flannery O'Connor.
Flannery O'Connor, Excerpt from "On Her Own Work": The Element of Suspense in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
Flannery O'Connor, On Her Catholic Faith.
Flannery O'Connor, Excerpt from "The Grotesque in Southern Fiction": The Serious Writer and the Tired Reader.
Flannery O'Connor, Yearbook Cartoons.
Critics on Flannery O'Connor.
Robert Brinkmeyer Jr., Flannery O'Connor and Her Readers.
J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit.
Mary Jane Schenck, Deconstructing "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
Kathleen Feeley, Comic Perversion in "Good Country People."
Writing Critically.
How One Story Illuminates Another.
9. Stories for Further Reading
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings.
Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark.
Willa Cather, Paul's Case.
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour.
*Sandra Cisneros, House on Mango Street.
*Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown.
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat.
Kazuo Ishiguro, A Family Supper.
James Joyce, Araby.
Franz Kafka, Before the Law.
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl.
D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner.
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill.
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried.
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds.
POETRY.
10. Reading a Poem.
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree.
Lyric Poetry.
D. H. Lawrence, Piano.
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
Narrative Poetry.
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence.
Robert Frost, "Out, Out-."
Dramatic Poetry.
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess.
Writer's Perspective.
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
Writing Critically.
Can a Poem be Paraphrased?
William Stafford, Ask Me.
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me.
11. Listening to a Voice.
Tone.
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz.
Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know.
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book.
Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter.
Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles.
Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert.
Weldon Kees, For My Daughter.
The Person in the Poem.
*Natasha Trethewey, White Lies.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal.
Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting.
William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.
Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry.
James Stephens, A Glass of Beer.
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow.
Irony.
Robert Creeley, Oh No.
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen.
Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage.
Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links.
*Josephine Miles, Civilian.
Thomas Hardy, The Workbox.
For Review and Further Study.
William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper.
William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border.
Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta.
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est.
Writer's Perspective.
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry.
Writing Critically.
Paying Attention to the Obvious.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz."
12. Words.
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First.
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say.
Marianne Moore, Silence.
Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You.
The Value of a Dictionary.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath.
J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead.
Carl Sandburg, Grass.
Word Choice and Word Order.
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes.
Kay Ryan, Blandeur.
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid.
Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment.
Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts.
For Review and Further Study.
e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town.
*Billy Collins, The Names.
Anonymous, Carnation Milk.
William Wordsworth, My heart leaps up when I behold.
William Wordsworth, Mutability.
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky.
Writer's Perspective.
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates "Jabberwocky.
Writing Critically.
How Much Difference Does a Word Make?
13. Saying and Suggesting.
John Masefield, Cargoes.
William Blake, London.
Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Independent Man.
Timothy Steele, Epitaph.
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears.
Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World.
Writer's Perspective.
Richard Wilbur on Writing, Concerning "Love Calls Us to the Things of This World."
Writing Critically.
The Ways a Poem Suggests.
14. Imagery.
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro.
Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel.
T. S. Eliot, The winter evening settles down.
Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar.
Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish.
Charles Simic, Fork.
Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty.
About Haiku.
Arakida Moritake, The falling flower.
Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak.
Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool.
Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell.
Taniguchi Buson, I go.
Kobayashi Issa, only one guy.
Kobayashi Issa, Cricket.
*Suiko Matsushita, Rain shower from mountain.
*Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in bloom.
*Neiji Ozawa, War forced us from California.
*Neiji Ozawa, The war.
*Hakuro Wada, Even the croaking of frogs.
Etheridge Knight, *Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, John Ridland, Adelle Foley, Jennifer Brutschy, *Connie Bensley, A Selection of Haiku.
For Review and Further Study.
John Keats, Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art.
Walt Whitman, The Runner.
T. E. Hulme, Image.
Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter.
*Gary Snyder, Piute Creek.
H. D. , Heat.
Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning.
Writer's Perspective.
Ezra Pound on Writing, The Image.
Writing Critically.
Analyzing Images.
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Elizabeth Bishop's Use of Imagery in "The Fish."
15. Figures of Speech.
Why Speak Figuratively?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle.
William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
Metaphor and Simile.
Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood-a Loaded Gun.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall.
William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand.
Sylvia Plath, Metaphors.
N. Scott Momaday, Simile.
Other Figures.
James Stephens, The Wind.
Chidiock Tichborne, Elegy, Written with His Own Hand in the Tower Before His Execution.
Margaret Atwood, You fit into me.
John Ashbery, The Cathedral Is.
*Louis MacNiece, Plain Speaking.
For Review and Further Study.
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent.
Denise Levertov, Leaving Forever.
Jane Kenyon, The Suitor.
Robert Frost, The Secret Sits.
*H. D., Love That I Bear.
A. R. Ammons, Coward.
Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose.
Writer's Perspective.
Robert Frost on Writing, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor.
Writing Critically.
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning.
16. Song.
Singing and Saying.
Ben Jonson, To Celia.
Anonymous, The Cruel Mother.
William Shakespeare, Take, O, take those lips away.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory.
Paul Simon, Richard Cory.
Ballads.
Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan.
Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham.
Blues.
Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues.
W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues.
Rap.
Run D.M.C., from Peter Piper.
For Review and Further Study.
John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, Queen of the Blues.
Writer's Perspective.
Paul McCartney on Writing, Creating "Eleanor Rigby."
Writing Critically.
Is There a Difference Between Poetry and Song?
17. Sound.
Sound as Meaning.
Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance.
William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?
John Updike, Recital.
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal.
Alliteration and Assonance.
A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock.
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Voice.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The splendor falls on castle walls.
Rime.
William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga.
Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus.
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur.
Fred Chappell, Narcissus and Echo.
Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud.
Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane.
William Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father lies.
Chryss Yost, Lai with Sounds of Skin.
T. S. Eliot, Virginia.
Writer's Perspective.
T. S. Eliot on Writing, The Music of Poetry.
Writing Critically.
Is it Possible to Write about Sound?
18. Rhythm.
Stresses and Pauses.
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break.
Ben Jonson, Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears.
Alexander Pope, Atticus.
Sir Thomas Wyatt, With serving still.
Dorothy Parker, Resume.
Meter.
Max Beerbohm, On the imprint of the first English edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme.
A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty.
*William Carlos Williams, Heel & Toe to the End.
Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!
David Mason, Song of the Powers.
Writer's Perspective.
Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing, Hearing "We Real Cool.
Writing Critically.
Freeze-Framing the Sound.
19. Closed Form.
Formal Patterns.
John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable.
Robert Graves, Counting the Beats.
John Donne, Song ("Go and catch a falling star.")
The Sonnet.
William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why.
Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night.
Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You.
R. S. Gwynn, Scenes from the Playroom.
A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non.
The Epigram.
Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Langston Hughes, J. V. Cunningham, Stevie Smith, Anonymous, A selection of epigrams.
Other Forms
Robert Pinsky, ABC.
Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night.
Robert Bridges, Triolet.
Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina.
Writer's Perspective.
Robert Graves on Writing, Poetic Inspiration and Poetic Form.
Writing Critically.
Turning Points.
20. Open Form.
Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway.
E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill 's.
W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death.
Stephen Crane, The Heart.
Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford.
Ezra Pound, The Garret.
Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.
Visual Poetry.
George Herbert, Easter Wings.
John Hollander, Swan and Shadow.
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse.
E. E. Cummings, in Just-.
Lucille Clifton, Homage to my hips.
Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red.
Writer's Perspective.
Walt Whitman on Writing, The Poetry of the Future.
Writing Critically.
Lining Up for Free Verse.
21. Symbol.
T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript.
Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork.
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones.
Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed.
*George Herbert, The World.
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken.
For Review and Further Study.
Robinson Jeffers, The Beaks of Eagles.
Sara Teasdale, The Flight.
*William Carlos Williams, The Term.
Ted Kooser, Carrie.
Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover.
Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar.
Writer's Perspective.
William Butler Yeats On Writing, Poetic Symbols.
Writing Critically.
How to Read a Symbol.
22. Myth and Narrative.
Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay.
Thomas Hardy, The Oxen.
William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us.
H. D., Helen.
Archetype.
Louise Bogan, Medusa.
Personal Myth.
William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming.
Diane Thiel, Memento Mori in Middle School.
Myth and Popular Culture.
Charles Martin, Taken Up.
Anne Sexton, Cinderella.
Writer's Perspective.
Anne Sexton On Writing, Transforming Fairy Tales.
Writing Critically.
Demystifying Myth.
23. Poetry and Personal Identity.
Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus.
Julia Alvare, The women on my mother's side were known.
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity.
Claude McKay, America.
Rhina P. Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilinguee.
Samuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I Am.
Francisco X. Alarcon, The X in My Name.
*Sherman Alexie, Indian Boy Love Song (#1).
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It.
Gender.
Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu.
Emily Grosholz, Listening.
Donald Justice, Men at Forty.
Adrienne Rich, Women.
For Review and Further Study.
*Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America.
Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quinceanera.
Writer's Perspective.
*Rhina P. Espaillat on Writing.
Writing Critically.
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity.
24. *Critical Casebook: Latin American Poetry.
Sor Juana.
*Asegura la Confianza de que Ocultura de Todo un Secreto. *Translated by Diane Thiel, She Promises to Hold a Secret in Confidence.
*Presente en que el Carino Hace Regalo la Llaneza. *Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection.
Pablo Neruda.
Muchos Somos. *Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many.
*Cien Sonetos de Amor (V). *Translated by Stephen Tapscott, One Hundred Love Sonnets (V).
Jorge Luis Borges.
*Amorosa Anticipacion. *Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of Love.
*Los Engimas. *Translated by John Updike, The Enigmas.
Octavio Paz.
Con Los Ojos Cerrados. Translated by John Felstiner, With Our Eyes Shut.
*Certeza. *Translated by Charles Tomlinson, Certainty.
Surrealism in Latin American Poetry.
*Frida Kahlo, Two Friedas.
*Cesar Vallejo, La Colera que Quiebra al Hombre en Ninos.
*Cesar Vallejo, translated by Thomas Merton, Anger.
Latin American Poets on Poetry.
*Sor Juana, Respuesta.
*Pablo Neruda, Towards the Splendid City.
*Jorge Luis Borges, The Riddle of Poetry.
*Octavio Paz, European Languages and the Literature of the Americas.
Critics on Latin American Poetry.
*Stephanie Merrim, Endgames: Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz.
*Alastair Reid, Translating Neruda.
*Emir Rodriguez Monegal, Borges and Paz.
Suggestions for Writing.
25. Recognizing Excellence.
Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face.
Grace Treasone, Life.
Emily Dickinson,D>, A Dying Tiger-moaned for Drink.
Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment.
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark.
Recognizing Excellence.
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium.
Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness.
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias.
Robert Hayden, The Whipping.
Elizabeth Bishop, One Art.
Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus.
Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee.
Writer's Perspective.
Edgar Allan Poe on Writing, A Long Poem Does Not Exist.
Writing Critically.
How to Begin Evaluating a Poem.
26. What is Poetry?
Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, Gwendolyn Brooks, Some Definitions of Poetry.
27. Two Critical Casebooks: Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes.
Emily Dickinson.
Success is counted sweetest.
Wild Nights--Wild Nights!
*There's a certain Slant of light.
I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain.
I'm Nobody! Who are you?
The Soul selects her own Society.
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church.
After great pain, a formal feeling comes.
*Much Madness is divinest Sense.
This is my letter to the World.
I heard a Fly buzz--when I died.
Because I could not stop for Death.
The Bustle in a House.
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant.
Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson.
Emily Dickinson, Recognizing Poetry.
Emily Dickinson, Self-Description.
Critics on Emily Dickinson.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily Dickinson.
Thomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson's Manuscripts.
Richard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson.
Cynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of "Because I could not stop for Death.")
Langston Hughes.
The Negro Speaks of Rivers.
Mother to Son.
Dream Variations.
I, Too.
The Weary Blues.
Song for a Dark Girl.
*Desire.
*Prayer.
Battle of the Landlord.
End.
Island.
Theme for English B.
Harlem [Dream Deferred].
Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes.
Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.
Langston Hughesm, The Harlem Renaissance.
Critics on Langston Hughes.
Arnold Rampersad, Hughes as an Experimentalist.
Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and Harlem.
Darryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston Hughes.
Peter Townsend, Langston Hughes and Jazz.
Onwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of "Dream Deferred."
Suggestions for Writing.
28. Poems for Further Reading.
*Anonymous, Lord Randall.
Anonymous, Western Wind.
Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo Mountain Chant).
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach.
John Ashbery, At North Farm.
*Margaret Atwood, Romantic.
W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening.
W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts.
Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station.
William Blake, The Tyger.
*Gwendolyn Brooks, the preacher: ruminates behind the sermon.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways.
Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan.
*Billy Collins, Care & Feeding.
e. e. cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond.
John Donne, Death be not proud.
John Donne, The Flea.
*Rita Dove, Summit Beach, 1921.
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
Robert Frost, Birches.
Robert Frost, Mending Wall.
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.
Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California.
Dana Gioia, California Hills in August.
Thom Gunn, The Man with Night Sweats.
Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain.
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays.
Seamus Heaney, Digging.
George Herbert, Love.
Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to Make Much of Time.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall.
Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover.
A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now.
A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young.
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner.
Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters.
Ben Jonson, On My First Son.
*Donald Justice, Counting the Mad.
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn.
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer.
Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad.
Irving Layton, The Bull Calf.
*Adrien Louis, Looking for Judas.
Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour.
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo.
John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent.
Marianne Moore, Poetry.
Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman.
Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air.
Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves.
Yone Noguchi, A Selection of Hokku.
Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys' Party.
Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth.
Linda Pastan, Ethics.
Sylvia Plath, Daddy.
*Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream.
Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing.
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: a Letter.
Dudley Randall, A Different Image.
Henry Reed, Naming of Parts.
Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin.
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy.
Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane.
William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes.
William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold.
William Shakespeare, My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun.
Louis Simpson, American Poetry.
David R. Slavitt, Titanic.
Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting.
*William Stafford, The Farm on the Great Plains.
Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses.
Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill.
John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player.
*Amy Uyematsu, The Ten Million Flames of Los Angeles.
Derek Walcott, The Virgins.
Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose.
*Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing.
Richard Wilbur, The Writer.
William Carlos Williams, Spring and All.
William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady.
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge.
James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio.
Mary Sidney Wroth, In This Strange Labyrinth.
Sir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me seke.
William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop.
William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old.
DRAMA.
29. Reading a Play.
A Play in Its Elements.
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Tragedy and Comedy.
*Jane Martin, Beauty.
Writer's Perspective.
Susan Glaspell on Drama, Creating Trifles.
Writing Critically.
Conflict Resolution.
Writing Assignment: Student Essay, Outside Trifles.
30. Critical Casebook: Sophocles.
The Theater of Sophocles.
Staging.
The Civic Role of Greek Drama.
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy.
Plays.
The Origins of Oedipus the King.
Sophocles, Oedipus the King (Translated by Robert Fagles).
Robert Fitzgerald on Sophocles.
Robert Fitzgerald, Translating Sophocles.
Critics on Sophocles.
Aristotle, Defining Tragedy.
Sigmund Freud, The Oedipus Complex.
E. R. Dodds, On Misunderstanding Oedipus.
A. E. Haigh, The Irony of Sophocles.
Writing Critically.
Some Things Change. Some Things Don't.
31. Critical Casebook: Shakespeare.
The Theater of Shakespeare.
William Shakespeare.
Plays.
A Note on Othello.
William Shakespearem, Othello, the Moor of Venice.
Ben Jonson on Shakespeare.
Ben Jonson, On His Friend And Rival William Shakespeare.
Critics on Shakespeare.
W. H. Auden, Iago as a Triumphant Villain.
Maud Bodkin, Lucifer on Shakespeare's Othello.
Virginia Mason Vaughan, Black and White in Othello.
Anthony Burgess, An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare.
Writing Critically.
Breaking the Language Barrier.
Writing Assignment: Student Essay, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?
32. The Modern Theater.
Realism and Naturalism.
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House (Translated by James McFarlane).
Writer's Perspective.
George Bernard Shaw on Drama, Ibsen and the Familiar Situation.
Tragicomedy and the Absurd.
Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer.
Writer's Perspective.
Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Drama, Writing The Cuban Swimmer.
Writing Critically.
What's so Realistic about Realism?
Writing Assignment.
Student Essay, Helmer vs. Helmer.
33. Evaluating a Play.
Writing Critically.
Critical Performance.
34. Plays for Further Reading.
Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman.
Writer's Perspective.
Arthur Miller on Drama, Tragedy and the Common Man..
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie.
Writer's Perspective.
Tennessee Williams on Drama, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie.
35. New Voices in American Drama.
*Beth Henley , Am I Blue?
Writer's Perspective.
*Beth Henley on Drama , What's in a Title?
David Henry Hwang, The Sound of a Voice.
Writer's Perspective.
David Henry Hwang on Drama, Multicultural Theater.
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother.
Writer's Perspective.
Terrence McNally on Drama, How to Write a Play.
August Wilson , Joe Turner's Come and Gone.
Writer's Perspective.
August Wilson On Drama , Black Experience in America.
WRITING.
36. Writing About Literature.
Beginning.
Keeping a Journal.
Using Sources and Maintaining Academic Integrity.
Discovering Essay Ideas.
Drafting and Revising, or Creativty Vs. Analysis.
The Form of Your Finished Paper.
Using Spell-Check and Grammar-Check Programs.
Anonymous, after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar, A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers.
37. Writing About a Story.
Explicating.
Sample Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Sample Student Essay (Analysis).
Sample Student Card Report.
Comparing and Contrasting.
Suggestions for Writing.
38. Writing About a Poem.
Explicating.
Robert Frost, Design.
Sample Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Sample Student Essay (Analysis).
Comparing and Contrasting.
Abbie Huston Evans, Wing-Spread.
Sample Student Essay(Comparison).
How to Quote a Poem.
Before You Begin.
Suggestions for Writing.
Robert Frost, In White (early draft of "Design")
39. Writing About a Play.
Methods.
How to Quote a Play.
Reviewing a Play.
Sample Student Drama Review.
Suggestions for Writing.
*40. Writing a Research Paper.
Conducting Research for an Essay.
Evaluating and Using Internet Sources.
Guarding Academic Integrity.
Acknowledging and Documenting Sources.
Concluding Thoughts.
Reference Guide for Citations.
41. Critical Approaches to Literature.
Formalist Criticism.
Cleanth Brooks, The Formalist Critic.
Michael Clark, Light and Darkness in "Sonny's Blues."
Biographical Criticism.
Brett C. Millier, On Elizabeth Bishop's "One Art."
Emily Toth , Scandal and Kate Chopin.
Historical Criticism.
Hugh Kenner, Imagism.
Barbara T. Christian, Heritage in "Everyday Use."
Psychological Criticism.
Sigmund Freud, The Nature of Dreams.
Harold Bloom, Poetic Influence.
Mythological Criticism.
C. J. Jung, The Collective Unconscious and Archetypes.
Edmond Volpe, Myth in Faulkner's "Barn Burning."
Sociological Criticism.
Georg Lukacs, Content Determines Form.
Daniel P. Watkin, Money and Labor in "The Rocking-Horse Winner."
Gender Criticism.
Elaine Showalter, Toward a Feminist Poetics.
Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in "The Yellow Wallpaper."
Reader-Response Criticism.
Stanley Fish, An Eskimo "A Rose for Emily."
Michael J. Colacurcio, The End of Young Goodman Brown.
Deconstructionist Criticism.
Roland Barthes, The Death of the Author.
Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth's "A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal."
Cultural Studies.
Vincent B. Leitch, Poststructuralist Cultural Critique.
Mark Bauerlein, What is Cultural Studies?