Antibiotic Resistance Methods and Protocols

Part I. Diagnosis of Resistance Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes in Enterococci Robin Patel, Jim R. Uhl, and Franklin R. Cockerill, III Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through the Mycolic Acid Index José M. Viader-Salvadó, Martha Guerrero-Olazarán, Elvira Garzo-González, and Rolando Tijerina-Menchaca Micro-Well Phage Replication Assay for Screening Mycobacteria for Resistance to Rifampin and Streptomycin Ruth McNerney Application of SSCP to Identification of Resistance Mutations Timothy D. McHugh Quantitative, Single-Tube, Nested, PCR (QSTN-PCR) for Determining the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nainn-Tsyr Jou and Michael R. Liebling Rapid Rifamycin Susceptibility Testing of Small-Volume Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cultures by Detection of Precursor rRNA William H. Brabant and Gerard A. Cangelosi Detection of Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoiae by a Seminested PCR Strategy Mignon du Plessis, Anthony M. Smith, and Keith P. Klugman Diagnosis of Penicillin Resistance by PCR-RFLP Gail C. Whiting Detection Methods of Glycopeptide-Restraint Staphylococcus aureus I: Susceptibility Testing Hedeaki Hanaki and Keiichi Hiramatsu Detection Methods for Glycopeptide-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus II: Cell Wall Analysis Hedeaki Hanaki and Keiichi Hiramatsu Multiplex PCR for the Rapid Simultaneous Speciation and Detection of Methicillin-Resistance and Genes Encoding Toxin Production in Staphylococcus aureus Mark E. Jones, Karl Köhrer, and Franz-Josef Schmitz Chromogenic Detection of Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferases Ana M. Amoroso and Gabriel O. Gutkind Part II. Monitoring Response to Treatment Quantification of M. tuberculosis DNA in Sputum During theTreatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lucy E. DesJardin and Gery L. Hehman Isolation of M. tuberculosis RNA from Sputum Lucy E. DesJardin Detection of Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Reverse Transcriptase-Strand Displacement of mRNA Tobin J. Hellyer Part III. Molecular Epidemiology BOX PCR Fingerprinting for Molecular Typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae Alex van Belkum and Peter W. M. Hermans Restriction Fragment End Labeling Analysis: High-Resolution Genomic Typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Peter W. M. Hermans, Marcel Sluijter, and Alex van Belkum Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Epidemiological Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae Anne-Marie Gasc Outer Membrane Profiles of Clonally Related Klebsiella pneumoniae Vicente J. Benedí and Luis Martínez -Martínez Atomic Force Microscopy: Theory and Practice in Bacteria Morphostructural Analysis Pier Carlo Braga and Davide Ricci Part IV. Biology of Resistance Assessing the Activity of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps Keith Poole and Ramakrishnan Srikumar The Use of a Continuous Culture System to Study the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria in Biofilm J. Keith Struthers Estimation of Mutation Rates in Antibiotic Research Owen J. Billington and Stephen H. Gillespie In Vitro Assessment of the Fitness of Resistant M. tuberculosis Bacteria by Competition Assay Stephen H. Gillespie Purification of DNA Topoisomerases and Inhibition by Fluoroqinolones John T. George and Ian Morrissey Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Determine Structure Function Relationships in Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin-Binding Protein Genes Victoria A. Barcus and Christopher G. Dowson Detection of Low Affinity Penicillin-Binding Protein Variants in Streptococcus pneumoniae Regine