The Handbook of Security

JOSHUA BAMFIELD Director of the Centre for Retail Research, UK, and Visiting Professor of Management, Nottingham Trent University, UK ADRIAN BECK Senior Lecturer, Department of Criminology, University of Leicester, UK MARK BUTTON Principal Lecturer and Associate Head (Curriculum), Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, UK JAMES D. CALDER Professor of Criminal Justice, University of Texas, USA DENNIS CHALLINGER Fellow of the Criminology Department, University of Melbourne, Australia CAROLINE CARDONE University of Florida, USA JASON L. DAVIS Visiting Instructor at the University of South Florida, USA DOMINIC ELLIOTT Head of Management Division, University of Liverpool Management School, UK GRAHAM FARRELL Professor of Criminology and Director of the Midlands Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Loughborough University, UK BONNIE S. FISHER Professor, Division of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA MARY LYNN GARCIA Principal Staff Member, Sandia National Laboratories, USA BRUCE GEORGE Labour Member of Parliament for Walsall South and Chairman of the House of Commons Defence, UK SUZETTE GRILLOT Assistant Professor of Political Science and International and Area Studies, University of Oklahoma, USA READ HAYES Security Researcher and Consultant, and Co-ordinator of Loss Prevention Research Team, University of Florida, USA RICHARD C. HOLLINGER Professor, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of Florida, USA DANIEL B. KENNEDY Forensic Criminologist specializing in Security and Police issues and Member of the Sociology and Criminal Justice Faculty, University of Detroit Mercy, USA MICHAEL LEVI Professor of Criminology, Cardiff University, UK ELENA LICU Advanced PhD Student, Division of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA GIOVANNI MANUNTA President of Security and Risk Studies Institute and External Examiner, Scarman Centre, Leicester University, UK ROBERTO MANUNTA Vice President of Security andRisk Studies Institute, Italy and Profesor Asociado at Barcelona Universidad Central, Spain ROB I. MAWBY Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice and Director of the Community Justice Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK ROBERT D. McCRIE Professor of Security Management, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University, USA KENNY PATERSON Professor of Information Security, University of London, UK KEN PEASE Visiting Professor, University of Loughborough and University College London, UK FRED PIPER Professor of Mathematics, University of London, UK TIM PRENZLER Lecturer, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Australia MATTHEW ROBSHAW Reader of Information Security, Information Security Group, University of London, UK BRADLEY B. ROGERS Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Arizona State University, UK RICHARD H. SCHNEIDER Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Florida's Coll