AO Principles of Fracture Management

Volume 1-Principles



AO philosophy and basic principles

1.1 AO philosophy and evolution
1.2 Biology and biomechanics in bone healing
1.3 Implants and biotechnology
1.4 Fracture classification
1.5 Soft-tissue injury: pathophysiology, evaluation, and classification


Decision making and planning

2.1 The patient and the injury: decision making in trauma surgery
2.2 Diaphyseal fractures: principles
2.3 Articular fractures: principles
2.4 Preoperative planning


Reduction, approaches, and fixation techniques

Reduction and approaches

3.1.1 Surgical reduction
3.1.2 Approaches and intraoperative handling of soft tissues
3.1.3 Minimally invasive osteosynthesis


Techniques of absolute stability

3.2.1 Screws
3.2.2 Plates
3.2.3 Tension band principle


Techniques of relative stability

3.3.1 Intramedullary nailing
3.3.2 Bridge plating
3.3.3 External fixator
3.3.4 Locking plates




General topics

4.1 Polytrauma: pathophysiology, priorities, and management
4.2 Open fractures
4.3 Soft-tissue loss: principles of management
4.4 Pediatric fractures
4.5 Antibiotic prophylaxis
4.6 Thromboembolic prophylaxis
4.7 Postoperative management: general considerations
4.8 Fragility fractures and orthogeriatric care
4.9 Imaging and radiation hazards


Complications

5.1 Malunion
5.2 Aseptic nonunion
5.3 Acute infection
5.4 Chronic infection and infected nonunion



Volume 2-Specific fractures



Scapula and clavicle

6.1.1 Scapula
6.1.2 Clavicle


Humerus

6.2.1 Humerus, proximal
6.2.2 Humerus, shaft
6.2.3 Humerus, distal


Forearm and hand

6.3.1 Proximal forearm and complex elbow injuries
6.3.2 Forearm, shaft
6.3.3 Distal radius and wrist
6.3.4 Hand


Pelvis and acetabelum

6.4 Pelvic ring
6.5 Acetabulum


Femur and periprosthetic fractures

6.6.1 Femur, proximal
6.6.2 Femur, shaft (including subtrochanteric fractures)
6.6.3 Femur, distal
6.6.4 Periprosthetic fractures


Knee

6.7.1 Patella
6.7.2 Knee dislocations


Tibia

6.8.1 Tibia, proximal
6.8.2 Tibia, shaft
6.8.3 Tibia, distal intraarticular (pilon)


Malleoli and foot

6.9 Malleoli
6.10.1 Hindfoot-calcaneus and talus
6.10.2 Midfoot and forefoot