Cosmopolitan Europe

* Contents * Foreword * Chapter 1 * Introduction: The European Malady and Why the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Europe Could Evolve. * Chapter 2 * The Reflexive Modernization of Europe. * Chapter 3 * The Cosmopolitan Empire: The State and Power in the Case of Europeanization. * Chapter 4 * Europe's Social Arena: On the Variable Dynamic of her Borders. * Chapter 5 * Strategies for the Cosmopolitanization of Europe. * Chapter 6 * Diversity and Acceptance: Pan-European Social Conflict and the Political Dynamic. * Chapter 7 * On the Dialectics of Globalization and Europeanization:Without Oppositions to a Cosmopolitan Europe. * Chapter 8 * A Cosmopolitan Vision for Europe * Bibliography * Detailed Contents * Preface *1 Introduction: The European Malaise and Why the Idea of Cosmopolitan Europe Could Overcome It *1 Rethinking Europe *2 What is meant by Cosmopolitan Europe? *2.1 What is Europe? *2.2 What is cosmopolitanism? *2.3 Sociological and political cosmopolitanism: from the national to the cosmopolitan outlook in research on Europe * Institutionalised cosmopolitanism * Deformed cosmopolitanism * Cosmopolitan realism *3 European self-delusions *3.1 The national self-delusion *3.2 The neo-liberal self-delusion *3.3 The technocratic self-delusion *3.4 The Eurocentric self-delusion *2 The Reflexive Modernisation of Europe *1 From the first to the second modernity: Europeanization revisited - from the perspective of the theory of reflexive modernisation *2 Europe and the reflexive modernisation of state and society *3 The inclusive Europe *4 Europeanization as regime of side-effects *5 Europeanization as transformative regime *6 Europeanization as self propelling regime *3 Cosmopolitan Empire: Statehood and Political Authority in the Process of Europeanization *1 The national either/or-Europe and its predicaments *2 State and empire *2.1 What is meant by empire? *2.2 State and empire in comparison *2.3 Empire and models of international order in comparison *2.4 Imperium and empire: historical variants of imperial constitution of order *2.5 Features of the European Empire * Feature 1: Asymmetrical political order * Feature 2: Open, variable spatial structure * Feature 3: Multi-national societal structure * Feature 4: Integration through law, consensus and co-operation * Feature 5: Welfare vs. security * Feature 6: Horizontal and vertical institutional integration * Feature 7: Network power * Feature 8: Cosmopolitan sovereignty * Feature 9: Ambivalence of delimitation and limitation * Feature 10: Emancipatory vs. repressive cosmopolitanism *3 European Empire and the transcendence of the nation-state *3.1 The function of the nation-states in the European Empire *3.2 The modus operandi of the European Empire *4 European sovereignty as a positive-sum game *4.1 The politics of interdependence *4.2 The politics of golden handcuffs: on the reflexive self-interest of cosmopolitan states *4.3 Capital of trust: obligating others *5 The cosmopolitan organization of diversity: the European Empire and its contradictions * Constitutional tolerance * Transnational diversity * Transnational incrementalism * Ordered pluralism * Reflexive decisionism * Multiple memberships *4 European Social Space: On the Social Dynamics of Variable Borders *1 On the Europe-blindness of sociology: critique of the fixation of Europe research on the state *2 Horizontal Europeanization: questions, indicators, empirical developments *2.1 Language *2.2 Identity *2.3 Education * Educational curricula * Educational mobility *2.4 The economy * Labour market * Companies *3 Empirical cosmopolitan social theory of Europeanization *3.1 The problem *3.2 European society as interdependence *3.3 European society as mobility * European integration through European expansion * The internalisation of external conflicts *3.4 European society as civil society * The uncoupling of nation and civil rights * Civil society from above? *3.5 European society as civilisation *3.6 European society as memory *5 Strategies of European Cosmopolitanization *1 European cosmopolitanization as a meta-power game *2 Strategies of Europeanization *2.1 State strategies * National egoism * Intergovernmental minimalism * Cosmopolitan realism * Cosmopolitan idealism *2.2 Capital strategies * National protectionism * European protectionism * European neoliberalism *2.3 Technocratic strategies *3 Deformations of cosmopolitan Europe *3.1 The economic deformation *3.2 The nationalist deformation *3.3 The bureaucratic deformation *4 Strategies of European cosmopolitanization *4.1 Cunning of reason? The side-effects-power of the global economy and its limits *4.2 Cosmopolitanization from below: the role of civil society movements *4.3 Cosmopolitanization from outside: Europeanization and global political cosmopolitanism *4.4 Cosmopolitanization from above: supranational institutions and civil society movements *5 What makes cosmopolitanization strategies realistic? * First: Europeanization as positive-sum game * Second: problems of perception or conversion * Third: the problematic of interest-transformation *5.1 Risk shock and its strategic utilisation *5.2 Pioneering strategy *5.3 Value strategy *5.4 The prospects of strategies of Europeanization: the examples of migration and provision for the elderly *6 Inequality and Recognition: Europe-wide Social Conflicts and Their Political Dynamics *1 Critique of methodological nationalism in the sociology of inequality and research on the welfare state *2 Mobile borders, mobile patterns of inequality? *3 European regions as conflict patterns of European inequalities *4 Mobile 'We' and mobile 'Others'? *5 The recognition-inequality dilemma: on the intersection of conflicts over inequality and conflicts over the recognition of difference *6 To what extent can and should a cosmopolitan Europe promote solidarity? *7 On the Dialectic of Globalization and Europeanization: External Contradictions of Cosmopolitan Europe *1 The cosmopolitan deficit: critique of the Eurocentric outlook in the debate on Europe *2 World risk society: outline of a theory *2.1 General theorems * Global risks as a social construction * Global risk as reflexive globality * War without wars * Manufactured uncertainty * Uncertainty authorises perception * Blurred lines of conflict * The politics of empowerment * The failure of national international regulatory systems * The new politics of uncertainty * The politics of risk construction and risk minimisation * Side-effects of side-effects: risk paradoxes * Implications for the social sciences *2.2 The reality and unreality of global risks as a product of cultural perceptions *2.3 Divergent logics of global risks: on the distinction between economic, environmental and terrorist risks *2.4 The European public sphere and civil society can be understood and developed as a response to world risk society *2.5 World risk society, the European Empire and the contradictions of a proactive security policy *3 The Iraq War and its lessons for cosmopolitan realism *4 What European cosmopolitanism can contribute to global cosmopolitanism *8 Cosmopolitan Visions for Europe *1 Three scenarios of the future Europe * The decay scenario * The stagnation scenario * The cosmopolitanization scenario *2 Reflexive constitutionalism: constitution and civil society in Europe *3 Cosmopolitan democracy: possibilities for legitimating the European Empire * Intervention strategies * Inclusion strategies * Strategies of recognition of otherness * Control strategies *4 The principle of the cosmopolitan integration of Europe *4.1 Internal integration: the principle of differentiated integration *4.2 External integration: on the dialectic of differentiation and expansion *5 Power and weakness in world risk society - Europe's cosmopolitan realism in a new world order *6 In the European interest: Europe's cosmopolitan interest and cosmopolitan responsibility *7 Dilemmas of cosmopolitan Europe * The universalistic dilemma * The integration dilemma * The insecurity dilemma * The boundary dilemma * The peace dilemma * Beyond arrogance and self-betrayal: culture of shared ambivalence * Bibliography