Fluid Mechanics of Control Valves
How Valves Control Your Process
Published on 30. May 2019
Book
Paperback/Softback
160 pages
978-1-64331-004-6 (ISBN)
Description
Fluid Mechanics of Control Valves is a practical, experience-driven handbook that explains how control valves work and how to select, size and maintain them. This book covers valve types (globe, butterfly, ball and three-way), actuators and positioners, valve-sizing methods for liquids and gases, and how thermodynamic effects, such as choked flow, cavitation and auto-refrigeration, affect performance. It also guides readers on efficiency and power consumption, noise and vibration sources, practical noise-reduction strategies, sanitary valve design for food and biotech, fail-safe actions, inspection and testing, and modern concerns such as cybersecurity and loop stability.
This book also provides clear definitions, examples, tables and real-world advice to make complex fluid and acoustic concepts accessible.
This book also provides clear definitions, examples, tables and real-world advice to make complex fluid and acoustic concepts accessible.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
North Carolina
United States
Target group
Professional and scholarly
College/higher education
ISBN-13
978-1-64331-004-6 (9781643310046)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
E-Book
03/2016
1st Edition
Wiley
€85.99
Available for download
Person
Dr. Hans D. Baumann, PE, held managerial positions in Germany, France, and the United States, before being promoted to vice president of engineering at Masoneilan and later to senior vice president at Fisher Controls. He worked as a consultant for international clients prior to starting his own valve-manufacturing company, which he subsequently sold to Fisher Controls.
Baumanns many valve designs have won awards in the United States, France, and Japan, as well as a gold medal in Germany. He is credited with over 105 US patents and many foreign patents. Baumann has published 148 articles and has written 7 books on engineering, management, and historical subjects, including Control Valve Primer (now in its fourth edition, including a Japanese translation). In addition, he is the co-author of 8 handbooks on automatic controls and acoustics.
Baumann is an honorary member of the Fluid Controls Institute (FCI) and the Spanish Engineering Society. He is also an ISA Honorary Fellow, a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and an inductee of the Automation Hall of Fame. ISA selected him as one of 50 outstanding Industrial Innovators.
Besides the above accomplishments, he continues to work as a consultant and to lead R&D projects for select clients.
Hans Baumann was 86 years old when he wrote this book. He can be contacted at hdbaumann@att.net.
Baumanns many valve designs have won awards in the United States, France, and Japan, as well as a gold medal in Germany. He is credited with over 105 US patents and many foreign patents. Baumann has published 148 articles and has written 7 books on engineering, management, and historical subjects, including Control Valve Primer (now in its fourth edition, including a Japanese translation). In addition, he is the co-author of 8 handbooks on automatic controls and acoustics.
Baumann is an honorary member of the Fluid Controls Institute (FCI) and the Spanish Engineering Society. He is also an ISA Honorary Fellow, a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and an inductee of the Automation Hall of Fame. ISA selected him as one of 50 outstanding Industrial Innovators.
Besides the above accomplishments, he continues to work as a consultant and to lead R&D projects for select clients.
Hans Baumann was 86 years old when he wrote this book. He can be contacted at hdbaumann@att.net.
Content
Foreword xi
About the Author xiii
Introduction 1
An Often-Asked Question: What Is a Control Valve? 1
Basic Definitions 3
Chapter 1 Control Valves 5
Valve Types 6
Ball Valves 6
Eccentric Rotary Plug Valves 7
Butterfly Valves 8
Globe Valves 8
Three-Way Valves 11
Actuators 12
Diaphragm Actuators 12
Pneumatic, Diaphragm-Less Piston Actuators 15
Electric Actuators 16
Hydraulic Actuators 16
Accessories 18
Valve Positioners 18
Chapter 2 Efficiency and Power Consumption of Control Valves 23
Chapter 3 Basic Functions of a Control Valve 27
Seat Leakage 31
Stem Packings and Bonnet Gaskets 31
Graphite Packings 33
Dynamic Instability in Control Valves 34
Installation 34
Chapter 4 Thermodynamic Effects 37
Auto-Refrigeration 37
Aerodynamic Throttling 38
Chapter 5 Valve-Sizing 41
In the Beginning. 41
The Easy Way to Size Valves 44
If the Fluid Is a Turbulent Liquid 44
Flashing of Liquids 46
When the Flow Is Gas or Steam 48
Flow in Mass 48
Flow in Volume 49
Terminology Used 50
Other Useful Numbers 51
Other proprietary symbols 51
Rangeability 51
Mixed Fluids 54
Non-Newton Fluids 54
Laminar Flow 54
Chapter 6 Sound Produced by Throttling 61
Basic Acoustic Terms 63
Turbulent Sound 64
Equations to Calculate Turbulent Sound Pressure Level in dBA 66
Sound Produced by Cavitation of Liquids 68
Calculating the Cavitation Sound Level and Therefore the Total Liquid Throttling Sound 71
Establishing the Correct XFz Factor 73
The Story of Globe Valves 75
Chapter 7 Estimating the Sound Pressure Level of Gases 79
Calculation of the Sound Pressure Level for Steel Pipe at 1 m Distance from the Pipe Wall 81
Accounting for Gases Other Than Air 83
A Word of Caution about Valve Sound Prediction 86
Chapter 8 Ways to Reduce Aerodynamic Noise 89
The Classical Way 89
Resistance in Series Devices 92
The Connoisseur's Way: Taking Advantage of the Aerodynamic Properties of Jets 93
Insulation and Silencers 95
Chapter 9 What to Do about Hydro-Noise? 97
Chapter 10 What to Expect of a Good Control Valve 99
Chapter 11 Fail-Safe Action 101
Chapter 12 Valves for Sanitary or Aseptic Service 103
Chapter 13 Inspection and Testing 107
Materials 107
Hydrostatic Testing 108
Seat Leakage Tests 108
Packing Leakage 108
Deadband Test 108
Chapter 14 Cybersecurity 109
Chapter 15 Control Valves as a Source of Loop Instability 111
Appendix A: Reference Tables 115
Index 127
About the Author xiii
Introduction 1
An Often-Asked Question: What Is a Control Valve? 1
Basic Definitions 3
Chapter 1 Control Valves 5
Valve Types 6
Ball Valves 6
Eccentric Rotary Plug Valves 7
Butterfly Valves 8
Globe Valves 8
Three-Way Valves 11
Actuators 12
Diaphragm Actuators 12
Pneumatic, Diaphragm-Less Piston Actuators 15
Electric Actuators 16
Hydraulic Actuators 16
Accessories 18
Valve Positioners 18
Chapter 2 Efficiency and Power Consumption of Control Valves 23
Chapter 3 Basic Functions of a Control Valve 27
Seat Leakage 31
Stem Packings and Bonnet Gaskets 31
Graphite Packings 33
Dynamic Instability in Control Valves 34
Installation 34
Chapter 4 Thermodynamic Effects 37
Auto-Refrigeration 37
Aerodynamic Throttling 38
Chapter 5 Valve-Sizing 41
In the Beginning. 41
The Easy Way to Size Valves 44
If the Fluid Is a Turbulent Liquid 44
Flashing of Liquids 46
When the Flow Is Gas or Steam 48
Flow in Mass 48
Flow in Volume 49
Terminology Used 50
Other Useful Numbers 51
Other proprietary symbols 51
Rangeability 51
Mixed Fluids 54
Non-Newton Fluids 54
Laminar Flow 54
Chapter 6 Sound Produced by Throttling 61
Basic Acoustic Terms 63
Turbulent Sound 64
Equations to Calculate Turbulent Sound Pressure Level in dBA 66
Sound Produced by Cavitation of Liquids 68
Calculating the Cavitation Sound Level and Therefore the Total Liquid Throttling Sound 71
Establishing the Correct XFz Factor 73
The Story of Globe Valves 75
Chapter 7 Estimating the Sound Pressure Level of Gases 79
Calculation of the Sound Pressure Level for Steel Pipe at 1 m Distance from the Pipe Wall 81
Accounting for Gases Other Than Air 83
A Word of Caution about Valve Sound Prediction 86
Chapter 8 Ways to Reduce Aerodynamic Noise 89
The Classical Way 89
Resistance in Series Devices 92
The Connoisseur's Way: Taking Advantage of the Aerodynamic Properties of Jets 93
Insulation and Silencers 95
Chapter 9 What to Do about Hydro-Noise? 97
Chapter 10 What to Expect of a Good Control Valve 99
Chapter 11 Fail-Safe Action 101
Chapter 12 Valves for Sanitary or Aseptic Service 103
Chapter 13 Inspection and Testing 107
Materials 107
Hydrostatic Testing 108
Seat Leakage Tests 108
Packing Leakage 108
Deadband Test 108
Chapter 14 Cybersecurity 109
Chapter 15 Control Valves as a Source of Loop Instability 111
Appendix A: Reference Tables 115
Index 127