Corrosion in Concrete Structures
Description
Enhance the durability and longevity of critical infrastructure with this essential book that provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary guide to the fundamentals of concrete corrosion and practical solutions using advanced anti-corrosion technologies and sustainable practices.
Concrete is the backbone of modern infrastructure, forming the foundation of bridges, high-ways, buildings, and countless other structures worldwide. Yet despite its strength and versatility, concrete is highly susceptible to corrosion, leading to structural degradation, safety risks, and costly repairs. Addressing this challenge requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates fundamental corrosion science with cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices.
Corrosion in Concrete Structures is a comprehensive guide to understanding and addressing corrosion in concrete. Starting with the fundamentals, this book explores the material properties of concrete, the key concepts behind corrosion, and the environments that make concrete prone to degradation. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge of corrosion assessment, inspection techniques, and the environmental and sustainability implications of concrete corrosion. The book also delves into the role of advanced anti-corrosion technologies, including coatings, sealants, and cathodic protection systems. It examines corrosion inhibitors and their applications, offering practical solutions for reducing corrosion in real-world settings.
With case studies and innovations in concrete corrosion control, this book serves as an invaluable resource for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to enhance the durability and sustainability of concrete structures in the face of corrosion challenges.
Audience
Engineers, materials scientists, chemists, academics, and researchers in the fields of civil engineering, structural engineering, and materials science, specifically those involved in the development of sustainable and innovative corrosion prevention technologies within the concrete and construction sectors.
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Persons
Ruby Aslam, PhD is a Postdoctoral fellow in the School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. She has authored and co-authored more than 100 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals and edited 17 books. Her research focuses on corrosion inhibitors, ionic liquids, and colloid and surface science.
Qihui Wang, PhD works in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. His research focuses on the development and application of green corrosion inhibitors and theoretical calculations to explain the anti-corrosion mechanism of green corrosion inhibitors against metals.
Zhitao Yan, PhD is a Professor in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. He has authored and co-authored more than 170 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals, authorized 57 Chinese patents, and published three monographs. His research interests include structure wind engineering, nonlinear vibration, and transmission tower line systems.
Afroz Aslam, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, the Constituent Government College, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P. India. She has published many research articles and chapters in peer-reviewed international journals. Her research is mainly focused on organic synthesis, materials and corrosion, phytochemistry, and heterocyclic catalysis.
Content
Preface xv
1 Corrosion Fundamentals: Understanding the Science Behind the Damage 1
Kaoutar Zaidi, Walid Daoudi, Selma Lamghafri, Omar Dagdag, Abdelmalik El Aatiaoui and Abdelouahad Aouinti
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Basic Chemistry of Corrosion 3
1.3 Types of Corrosion 5
1.4 Electrochemical Corrosion Mechanisms 8
1.5 Corrosion-Inducing Factors 10
1.6 Conclusion 11
2 Concrete Material Properties and Corrosion 13
Rajae Salim, Jamila Lazrak, Elhachmia Ech-chihbi, Walid Ettahiri, Charafeddine Jama, Belkheir Hammouti and Mustapha Taleb
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Importance of Steel in Concrete 18
2.4 Corrosion Properties of Steel in Concrete 28
2.5 Causes of Concrete Corrosion 33
2.6 Consequences of Concrete Corrosion 35
2.7 Methods of Protecting Concrete against Corrosion 37
2.8 Techniques for Assessing Corrosion Concrete 48
2.9 Future Perspectives and Research Directions 52
2.10 Conclusion 52
3 Fundamentals and Understanding of Corrosion-Prone Environments in Concrete Corrosion 59
Demian I. Njoku, Annuncieta C. Njoku, Paul C. Uzoma, Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim and Inime I. Udoh
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Factors That Contribute to Concrete Corrosion 61
3.3 Concrete Corrosion-Prone Environments 63
3.4 Distinctive Analysis of the Process of Concrete Corrosion 68
3.5 Current Practices Used to Minimize Corrosion in Different Environments 71
3.6 Cases of Failures due to Corrosion of Concrete Structures in Different Environments and the Mitigations 74
3.7 Conclusions 76
4 Corrosion Assessment and Inspection in Concrete Corrosion 85
Ichraq Bouhouche, Khalid Bouiti, Nabil Lahrache, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji
4.1 Introduction to Corrosion Assessment and Inspection 86
4.2 Forms of Corrosion in Concrete 88
4.3 Visual Assessment Methods 90
4.4 Electrochemical Assessment Methods 93
4.5 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques 98
4.6 Advanced Technologies in Corrosion Inspection 100
4.7 Case Studies in Corrosion Assessment 101
4.8 Discussion on Assessment and Inspection Results 104
4.9 Conclusion 105
5 Impact of Concrete Corrosion on Environmental Sustainability 119
Abhinay Thakur, Valentine C. Anadebe, Elyor Berdimurodov, Abdelkader Zarrouk, Omar Dagdag and Ashish Kumar
5.1 Introduction 120
5.2 Types of Concrete Corrosion 123
5.3 Impact on Structural Integrity and Concrete Durability 125
5.4 Environmental Consequences 129
5.5 Sustainability Challenges 133
5.6 Mitigation Strategies and Recent Advancements 136
5.7 Challenges and Future Directions 146
5.8 Conclusion 149
6 Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 163
Humira Assad, Richika Ganjoo, Shveta Sharma, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Femiana Gapsari and Ashish Kumar
6.1 Introduction 164
6.2 Concrete Corrosion 166
6.3 Overview of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealant Systems 168
6.4 Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Concrete Corrosion 177
6.5 Conclusion 180
7 Role of Cathodic Protection Systems in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 187
Samir H. Shafek, Ahmed H. Elged, Mohamed A. Shenashen, Emad A. Badr and Hassan H. H. Hefni
7.1 Introduction 188
7.2 Cathodic Protection 189
7.3 Cathodic Protection (CP) Monitoring Techniques in Concrete Structures 190
7.4 Anode Installation and Replacement 194
7.5 Anode Materials 197
7.6 Factors Affecting Cathodic Protection Design in Concrete Corrosion 203
7.7 New Trends of Cathodic Protection in Concrete Corrosion 204
7.8 Challenges in Implementing Cathodic Protection in Concrete and Addressing Environmental and Sustainability Considerations 208
7.9 Conclusion 208
8 Role of Corrosion Inhibitors in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 213
Shweta Goyal, Vijay Luxami and Sonia Rani
8.1 Introduction 214
8.2 Definition of Corrosion Inhibitors 215
8.3 Mechanism of Action of Inhibitor 216
8.4 Classification of Corrosion Inhibitors 217
8.5 Classification Based on Mechanism of Action 217
8.6 Classification Based on Field Application 220
8.7 Classification Based on Chemical Composition 222
8.8 Green Inhibitors 238
8.9 Smart Inhibitors 243
8.10 Testing and Evaluation Methods of Inhibitors 245
8.11 Challenges and Future Perspectives 247
8.12 Conclusion 248
9 Case Studies on Concrete Corrosion 257
Ali Dashan, Hedieh Kazemi, Bahram Ramezanzadeh and Ghasem Bahlakeh
9.1 Introduction 258
9.2 Principles of Cathodic Protection: An Examination of Case Studies 259
9.3 Corrosion Protection Based on Anti-Corrosion Coating: An Examination of Case Studies 269
9.4 Utilizing Corrosion Inhibitors: An Examination of Case Studies 276
9.5 Comparative Analysis, Challenges, and Outlooks 285
10 Innovations in Concrete Corrosion Control 291
Ruby Aslam, Zhitao Yan, Qihui Wang, Yi Sun, Afroz Aslam and Jeenat Aslam
10.1 Introduction 292
10.2 Innovative Materials for Corrosion Control 293
10.3 Nanomaterials in Concrete 299
10.4 Advanced Coatings and Sealants 300
10.5 Chemical Admixtures for Corrosion Protection 301
10.6 Electrochemical Techniques 304
10.7 Role of AI and ML in Designing Corrosion-Resistant Concrete 307
10.8 Future Considerations 308
10.9 Conclusion 310
11 Role of Nanotechnology in Concrete Corrosion Prevention 317
Nabil Lahrache, Khalid Bouiti, Ichraq Bouhouche, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji
11.1 Introduction 318
11.2 Role of Nanotechnology in Corrosion Prevention 319
11.3 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Concrete Corrosion Prevention 323
11.4 Challenges and Limitations 331
11.5 Future Perspectives 331
11.6 Conclusion 331
References 332
Index 343