Hydrogen Energy Systems
Description
Drive the global shift toward sustainability with this comprehensive guide that explores the latest advancements in renewable energy technologies, smart grids, and energy storage and providing the expert policy and economic insights needed to navigate the green energy transition.
As the world faces the pressing challenges of climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, green energy offers a path toward reducing carbon emissions and fostering economic resilience. This book outlines the latest technological advancements and considers the broader economic, social, and political factors influencing the green energy transition. Through case studies, real-world examples, and expert insights, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of renewable energy in shaping a sustainable future. The book centers around the transformative potential of green energy, exploring the technologies, innovations, and policies driving the global shift toward sustainable power generation. Covering a wide spectrum of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, the book examines how these alternatives are reshaping the energy landscape. By discussing advancements in energy storage, smart grids, and energy efficiency, the book delves into the solutions that address the growing global demand for cleaner, more sustainable energy.
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Persons
Krishan Arora, PhD is a Professor and the Head of the Department of Power Systems in the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University with more than 17 years of experience in academics and research. He has published five books, more than 85 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, six Indian patents, and one copyright. His areas of expertise include electrical machines, non-conventional energy sources, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids.
Himanshu Sharma, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than four years of experience in academics. He has published more than 10 research papers in international journals and conferences and organized several workshops, summer internships, and expert lectures for students. His areas of expertise include power electronics, optimization techniques, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids.
Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than 22 years of experience in academics and research. She has published more than 30 books and 145 research papers in refereed science journals, conference proceedings, as well as 20 Indian patents and four copyrights. Her area of expertise includes microelectronics device modeling and characterization, low-power VLSI circuit design, and advanced FET design for IoT and embedded system design.
Sandesh S. Chougule, PhD is post doc researcher in the Clean Energy Processes Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London. He has authored 57 research papers in international conference proceedings and journals. His research focuses on heat pipes, nanofluids, renewable energy, and refrigeration.
Content
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
1 A Comprehensive Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Environmental Footprints on Earth 1
Brijlal Mallik, Manish Kumar, Yawei Lu, Pravin Kumar and Dev Kumar Mondal
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Hydrogen Production Methods 9
1.3 Environmental Footprints of Hydrogen Production Methods 11
1.4 Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods 18
1.5 Advances and Innovations in Hydrogen Production 19
1.6 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 20
1.7 Summary and Conclusion 20
2 Environmental Impacts and Sustainability of Hydrogen Energy 25
Dev Kumar Mandal, Brijlal Mallik, Michael L. Johns, Shivangi Kashyap, Vivek Hamal and Krishnendu Ghosh
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Literature Review 29
2.3 Research Methodology 32
2.4 Conclusion 46
3 Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries 49
Shrish Bajpai and Divya Sharma
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Hydrogen as a Fuel 51
3.3 Major Sources of Production of Hydrogen Fuel 53
3.4 Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries 56
3.5 Challenges of Hydrogen as Fuel in Developing Countries 62
3.6 Storage of Hydrogen 65
3.7 Conclusion 68
4 Advancing Hydrogen Power: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in India's Future Development 77
Jeya Daisy I., Anitha Subburaj, M. Ishwarya Niranjana, Sri Vidhya K. and Vaishnavi S.
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 Power Generation and Energy Storage Solutions-Role of Hydrogen 79
4.3 Hydrogen in Power Generation 82
4.4 Hydrogen in Energy Storage Applications 85
4.5 Policy Frameworks 89
4.6 Environmental Impact 94
4.7 Opportunities 96
4.8 Conclusion 97
5 The Role of Hydrogen in Achieving Net Zero Emissions 101
Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Durgadevi Samantara, Nipon Ketjoy and Suman Lata Tripathi
5.1 Introduction 102
5.2 Green Hydrogen Production and Innovation 108
5.3 Overcoming Challenges in Hydrogen 112
5.4 Policies, Initiatives, and Success Stories 115
5.5 Hydrogen's Future in Achieving Net Zero 116
5.6 Conclusion 118
6 Design and Development of Braking Systems in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 123
Abhishek Kumar and Harpreet Singh Bedi
6.1 Introduction 124
6.2 Literature Review 125
6.3 Proposed Model 126
6.4 Challenges in Braking System 131
6.5 Comparisons of EVs and FCEVs 132
6.6 Conclusions 134
7 Advancements in Six-Stroke Engine Technology 137
Ranjit Kumar Bindal, Prashant Kumar, Manish, Charanjot Singh and Sahil Bhardwaj
7.1 Introduction 138
7.2 Literature Review 139
7.3 Methodology 144
7.4 Results and Evaluation 145
7.5 Challenges and Limitations 148
7.6 Future Outcomes 149
7.7 Potential Applications 153
7.8 Porsche's New Patent for Six-Stroke Engine 153
7.9 Conclusion 155
8 Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Adoption in India 159
Mohanraj K. S., Sivasankari S., A. Arun Negemiya, Dhivya Priya E. L. and V. Vaithiyanathan
8.1 Introduction 160
8.2 Lack of Hydrogen Infrastructure: A Barrier to Hydrogen Energy Adoption 162
8.3 High Production Costs of Hydrogen: The Bar to Its Wide Utilization 164
8.4 Technological Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Penetration 165
8.5 Limited Renewable Energy Availability: A Constraint on Green Hydrogen Production 168
8.6 Regulatory and Structural Challenges 171
8.7 Public Awareness and Acceptance: Roadmap for Successful Introduction of Hydrogen Energy 173
8.8 Skilled Workforce Shortage in the Hydrogen Energy Industry 176
8.9 Closing of Funding and Investments for Hydrogen Energy 178
8.10 Explore the Intricacies of the Hydrogen Supply Chain 181
8.11 Challenges to Hydrogen Transport and Storage 184
8.12 Hydrogen Integration into Current Energy Systems 185
8.13 Hydrogen Contesting Priorities of Renewables 186
9 Predicting Public Opinion on Hydrogen Energy: A Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Posts 193
Gaurav Kumar, Krishan Arora and Sachin Kumar
9.1 Introduction 194
9.2 Related Work 195
9.3 Proposed Work 198
9.4 Results and Discussion 199
9.5 Conclusions and the Future 201
10 Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Technology and Applications 203
D. Santhanamary Sasireka, T. A. Revathy, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi
10.1 Introduction 204
10.2 Principle of Operation 205
10.3 Fuel Cell Types 210
10.4 Applications of Hydrogen Fuel Cells 215
10.5 Critical Challenges and Constraints 217
10.6 Technological Developments 219
10.7 Research Trends in Hydrogen Fuel Cells 220
10.8 Future Directions in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research 223
10.9 New Data Collection and Analysis Techniques 224
10.10 Market Growth and Adoption 224
10.11 Future Outlook 225
10.12 Conclusions 227
11 Hydrogen Transport and Distribution 231
Devanshi Srivastava, Adarsh Kumar Arya and Tousif Mzili
11.1 Introduction 231
11.2 Infrastructure Based on Hydrogen for Mobility 233
11.3 Distribution and Transportation of Hydrogen 235
11.4 The Economics of Hydrogen 238
11.5 Resolving Issues with Station Operation through Enhanced Reliability 239
11.6 Hydrogen Station Operation 240
11.7 Future Scope of Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution 243
11.8 Conclusion 245
12 Hydrogen Production from Renewable Sources 251
Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty, Monica Mehrotra, Rintu Kumar and Sulabh Sachan
12.1 Introduction 252
12.2 Hydrogen 253
12.3 Renewable Sources for Production of H2 253
12.4 H2 Production from Renewable Sources 256
12.5 H2 Economy 263
12.6 H2 Storage 264
12.7 H2 as a Future Energy Source 265
12.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 266
13 Hydrogen in Transportation 275
Mohammad Danish, Mohd Sadat, Syed Aqeel Ahmad and Mehmet Ali Silgu
13.1 Introduction 276
13.2 Literature Review 276
13.3 Conclusions 294
13.4 Acknowledgement 295
14 The Science of Hydrogen Properties and Production 299
M. Divya Bharathi, J. Arumugam, M. Jayachandiran and A. Dhayal Raj
14.1 Introduction 300
14.2 Energy Cost in Hydrogen Synthesis via Electrolysis 302
14.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen 302
14.4 Hydrogen Production Technologies 304
14.5 Conclusions 321
15 Hydrogen Production Processes from Renewable Energy Resources 329
D. Anitha Jennifer, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, T. A. Revathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi
15.1 Introduction 330
15.2 Hydrogen Production Methods 331
15.3 Renewable Energy Sources to Hydrogen 341
15.4 Comparative Analysis: Water Versus Biomass 347
15.5 Challenges and Perspectives 349
15.6 Conclusion 350
References 351
About the Editors 355
Index 357