Forensic Science
The Basics, Third Edition
3rd Edition
Published on 4. December 2015
Other
Undefined
610 pages
978-1-4822-2336-1 (ISBN)
Description
This new edition of Forensic Science: The Basics provides a fundamental background in forensic science as well as criminal investigation and court testimony. It describes how various forms of data are collected, preserved, and analyzed, and also explains how expert testimony based on the analysis of forensic evidence is presented in court.
The book addresses knowledge of the natural and physical sciences while introducing readers to the application of science to the justice system. Each chapter begins by presenting a set of learning objectives, a mini glossary, and acronyms. The book is also structured so that each chapter can stand on its own, allowing for continuous or selected reading and study.
The Third Edition includes:
- Fully updated chapters to reflect current best practices
- Three new chapters on use of detector dogs in forensic science, forensic engineering, and digital evidence and computer forensics
- Case studies throughout that apply concepts to real-world examples
The third edition of Forensic Science: The Basics is an ideal starting point for students with a basic science background but no experience in forensic science. It reinforces basic science knowledge while presenting the foundational aspects of forensic science theory and practice.
The book addresses knowledge of the natural and physical sciences while introducing readers to the application of science to the justice system. Each chapter begins by presenting a set of learning objectives, a mini glossary, and acronyms. The book is also structured so that each chapter can stand on its own, allowing for continuous or selected reading and study.
The Third Edition includes:
- Fully updated chapters to reflect current best practices
- Three new chapters on use of detector dogs in forensic science, forensic engineering, and digital evidence and computer forensics
- Case studies throughout that apply concepts to real-world examples
The third edition of Forensic Science: The Basics is an ideal starting point for students with a basic science background but no experience in forensic science. It reinforces basic science knowledge while presenting the foundational aspects of forensic science theory and practice.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Boca Raton, Florida
United States
Publishing group
Taylor & Francis
Edition type
Revised edition
Illustrations
334
33 s/w Tabellen, 334 farbige Abbildungen
334 color images and 33 tables
Dimensions
Height: 279 mm
Width: 203 mm
ISBN-13
978-1-4822-2336-1 (9781482223361)
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Book
12/2015
3rd Edition
Apple Academic Press Inc.
€141.12
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
Jay A. Siegel holds a PhD in analytical chemistry from The George Washington University and received its Distinguished Faculty Scholar award in 2009. He worked as a forensic chemist with the Virginia Bureau of Forensic Sciences for three years before spending 25 years as a professor and director of the forensic science program in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. In 2003 he went to Indiana University-Purdue University as founder and director of the forensic and investigative sciences program in the School of Science. In 2008 he was named the chair of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology. He retired in 2012. Dr. Siegel is the co-editor of Forensic Science Policy and Management: An International Journal and Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Second Edition, the co-author of Fundamentals of Forensic Science, and the author of Forensic Science: A Beginner's Guide. He has testified over 200 times in federal and military courts, and was named distinguished fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 2009.
Kathy Mirakovits teaches forensic science and physics at Portage Northern High School in Portage, Michigan, and physics at Kalamazoo Valley Community College in Michigan. She holds an MS in science education from Western Michigan University. She has taught general science, physical science, chemistry, biology, earth science, and physics at the high school and two-year college level for 25 years. She also conducts workshops across the United States for teachers who wish to learn the application of forensic science in a school curriculum. She has developed numerous forensic science educational products and has led workshops at the National Science Teachers Association. Kathy has served as president of the Michigan Chapter of the American Association of Physics Teachers and as a curriculum writer for the Michigan Department of Education. She is currently the high school director for the Michigan Science Teachers Association. She received the RadioShack Science Teaching Award and is a state finalist for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Math and Science Teaching.
Kathy Mirakovits teaches forensic science and physics at Portage Northern High School in Portage, Michigan, and physics at Kalamazoo Valley Community College in Michigan. She holds an MS in science education from Western Michigan University. She has taught general science, physical science, chemistry, biology, earth science, and physics at the high school and two-year college level for 25 years. She also conducts workshops across the United States for teachers who wish to learn the application of forensic science in a school curriculum. She has developed numerous forensic science educational products and has led workshops at the National Science Teachers Association. Kathy has served as president of the Michigan Chapter of the American Association of Physics Teachers and as a curriculum writer for the Michigan Department of Education. She is currently the high school director for the Michigan Science Teachers Association. She received the RadioShack Science Teaching Award and is a state finalist for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Math and Science Teaching.
Content
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND INVESTIGATION
Introduction to Forensic Science
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Forensic Science?
History and Development of Forensic Science
What Is a Forensic Scientist?
The United States Forensic Science System
Other Forensic Science Systems
The Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories
Examination of the Forensic Sciences by Outside Organizations
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Crime Scene Investigation
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Crime Scene as Recent History
Crime Scene Investigation Process
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Nature of Evidence
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Classification of Evidence
Positive and Negative Controls
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
TOOLS OF THE TRADE
Separating Complex Mixtures
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Physical Separation of Mixtures
Solid-Phase Extractions
Chromatography
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Light and Matter
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Light?
Light as a Wave: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Properties of Waves
Energy of Light: The Photon
Interactions of Light Energy and Matter
Spectrophotometer
Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry
Infrared Spectrophotometry
Mass Spectrometry
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Helpful Websites
Microscopy
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Lens: How Objects Are Magnified
Compound Microscope
Modifications of the Compound Microscope
Electron Microscopy
Summary
Test Yourself
Laboratory Activities
Further Readings
On the Web
Detector Dogs as Forensic Tools
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Scenarios
Forensic Tool: Canine Olfaction
Summary
Test Yourself
References
On the Web
Digital Evidence, Computer Forensics, and Investigation
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Challenges
Physical versus Virtual Crimes
Computer Crime
Criminal Law
Computer Crime Investigation
Wireless and Handheld Devices
Digital Cell Phone and Handheld Investigation
Computer Forensics
Legal Proceedings
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Forensic Engineering
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Engineering Profession
Forensic Engineer
Forensic Engineering Case Studies
Accident Reconstruction
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
PATTERNS AND IMPRESSIONS
Fingerprints and Other Impressions
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction: A Note on Pattern Evidence
Quest for a Reliable Method of Personal Identification
Origin of Fingerprints
Anatomy of Fingerprints
Detection and Visualization of Fingerprints
Comparison of Fingerprints
Comparison of Single Fingerprints
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS and IAFIS)
Common Questions about Fingerprints
Other Impressions: Footwear and Tire Treads
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Questioned Documents
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Questioned Document?
Questioned Document Examiner
Handwriting Analysis
Erasures, Obliterations, and Alterations
Typewriters, Photocopiers, and Computer Printers
Paper Examination
Ink Examinations
Physical Matches on Torn Paper
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Firearms and Toolmarks
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Firearms Identification
Anatomy of a Live Round (Cartridge)
Examination of Firearms Evidence
Digital Imaging Systems for Ammunition
Distance-of-Fire Determinations
Toolmarks
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
FORENSIC BIOLOGY
Forensic Pathology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
How to Become a Forensic Pathologist
Investigation of Death: Coroners and Medical Examiners
Death Investigation Process
Postmortem Interval (PMI): Time of Death
Exhumations
Teamwork Approach
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Anthropology and Odontology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Human Skeleton
Identification of Skeletal Remains
Individualization of Human Bone
Collection of Bones
Forensic Odontology
Summary
Try It Yourself Activities
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Helpful Websites
Forensic Entomology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Becoming a Forensic Entomologist
PMI: The Life Cycle of the Blow Fly
Decomposition of a Body after Death
Factors that Affect PMI
Entomological Investigation and Evidence Collection
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Serology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Blood
Analysis of Blood
Other Biological Fluids and Stains
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Summary
Appendix A: Trigonometry Calculation for Locating a Bloodstain
Try It Yourself
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Useful Websites
DNA Typing
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is DNA?
Collection and Preservation of DNA Evidence
History of DNA Typing
Current Method of DNA Typing: STRs
Mitochondrial DNA
CODIS
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Hair
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Hair?
Hair Growth
Hair Color
Structure of Human Hair
Human versus Nonhuman Hairs
Hair Treatment and Damage
Comparison of Human Hairs
What Can Be Determined from the Structure of Hair?
DNA Analysis of Hair
Hair as a Source of Drugs
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
Illicit Drugs
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Illicit Drugs
Control of Illicit Drugs in the United States
Analysis of Illicit Drugs
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Forensic Toxicology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Forensic Toxicology
Becoming a Forensic Toxicologist
Principles of Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ethyl Alcohol
Absorption of Ethanol
Drunk Driving Laws
Field Sobriety Testing
Measurement of BAC
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Fibers, Paints, and Other Polymers
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Polymer?
Textile Fibers
Types of Fibers
Fiber Morphology
Analysis of Synthetic Fibers
Chemical Analysis of Fibers
Interpretation of Fiber Evidence
Paints and Other Coatings
Types of Paint
How Cars Are Painted
Collection of Paint Evidence
Analysis of Paint
Evidentiary Value of Paint
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Glass and Soil
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronym
Introduction
Glass
Glass as Forensic Evidence
Soil
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Fires and Explosions
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Fire?
Extinguishing a Fire
Incendiary Fires
Investigation of a Fire
Role of Accelerants
Analysis of Fire Scene Evidence
Analysis of Accelerants
Explosions
Investigation of Bombing Scenes
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
LEGAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Presentation of Forensic Evidence in Court
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Admissibility of Evidence
Laboratory Reports
Expert Testimony
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Introduction to Forensic Science
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Forensic Science?
History and Development of Forensic Science
What Is a Forensic Scientist?
The United States Forensic Science System
Other Forensic Science Systems
The Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories
Examination of the Forensic Sciences by Outside Organizations
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Crime Scene Investigation
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Crime Scene as Recent History
Crime Scene Investigation Process
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Nature of Evidence
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Classification of Evidence
Positive and Negative Controls
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
TOOLS OF THE TRADE
Separating Complex Mixtures
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Physical Separation of Mixtures
Solid-Phase Extractions
Chromatography
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Light and Matter
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Light?
Light as a Wave: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Properties of Waves
Energy of Light: The Photon
Interactions of Light Energy and Matter
Spectrophotometer
Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry
Infrared Spectrophotometry
Mass Spectrometry
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Helpful Websites
Microscopy
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Lens: How Objects Are Magnified
Compound Microscope
Modifications of the Compound Microscope
Electron Microscopy
Summary
Test Yourself
Laboratory Activities
Further Readings
On the Web
Detector Dogs as Forensic Tools
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Scenarios
Forensic Tool: Canine Olfaction
Summary
Test Yourself
References
On the Web
Digital Evidence, Computer Forensics, and Investigation
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Challenges
Physical versus Virtual Crimes
Computer Crime
Criminal Law
Computer Crime Investigation
Wireless and Handheld Devices
Digital Cell Phone and Handheld Investigation
Computer Forensics
Legal Proceedings
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Forensic Engineering
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Engineering Profession
Forensic Engineer
Forensic Engineering Case Studies
Accident Reconstruction
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
PATTERNS AND IMPRESSIONS
Fingerprints and Other Impressions
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction: A Note on Pattern Evidence
Quest for a Reliable Method of Personal Identification
Origin of Fingerprints
Anatomy of Fingerprints
Detection and Visualization of Fingerprints
Comparison of Fingerprints
Comparison of Single Fingerprints
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS and IAFIS)
Common Questions about Fingerprints
Other Impressions: Footwear and Tire Treads
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Questioned Documents
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Questioned Document?
Questioned Document Examiner
Handwriting Analysis
Erasures, Obliterations, and Alterations
Typewriters, Photocopiers, and Computer Printers
Paper Examination
Ink Examinations
Physical Matches on Torn Paper
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Firearms and Toolmarks
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Firearms Identification
Anatomy of a Live Round (Cartridge)
Examination of Firearms Evidence
Digital Imaging Systems for Ammunition
Distance-of-Fire Determinations
Toolmarks
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
FORENSIC BIOLOGY
Forensic Pathology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
How to Become a Forensic Pathologist
Investigation of Death: Coroners and Medical Examiners
Death Investigation Process
Postmortem Interval (PMI): Time of Death
Exhumations
Teamwork Approach
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Anthropology and Odontology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Human Skeleton
Identification of Skeletal Remains
Individualization of Human Bone
Collection of Bones
Forensic Odontology
Summary
Try It Yourself Activities
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Helpful Websites
Forensic Entomology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Becoming a Forensic Entomologist
PMI: The Life Cycle of the Blow Fly
Decomposition of a Body after Death
Factors that Affect PMI
Entomological Investigation and Evidence Collection
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Serology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Blood
Analysis of Blood
Other Biological Fluids and Stains
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Summary
Appendix A: Trigonometry Calculation for Locating a Bloodstain
Try It Yourself
Test Yourself
Further Readings
Useful Websites
DNA Typing
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is DNA?
Collection and Preservation of DNA Evidence
History of DNA Typing
Current Method of DNA Typing: STRs
Mitochondrial DNA
CODIS
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Hair
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is Hair?
Hair Growth
Hair Color
Structure of Human Hair
Human versus Nonhuman Hairs
Hair Treatment and Damage
Comparison of Human Hairs
What Can Be Determined from the Structure of Hair?
DNA Analysis of Hair
Hair as a Source of Drugs
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
Illicit Drugs
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Illicit Drugs
Control of Illicit Drugs in the United States
Analysis of Illicit Drugs
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Forensic Toxicology
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Forensic Toxicology
Becoming a Forensic Toxicologist
Principles of Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ethyl Alcohol
Absorption of Ethanol
Drunk Driving Laws
Field Sobriety Testing
Measurement of BAC
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Fibers, Paints, and Other Polymers
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Polymer?
Textile Fibers
Types of Fibers
Fiber Morphology
Analysis of Synthetic Fibers
Chemical Analysis of Fibers
Interpretation of Fiber Evidence
Paints and Other Coatings
Types of Paint
How Cars Are Painted
Collection of Paint Evidence
Analysis of Paint
Evidentiary Value of Paint
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Glass and Soil
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronym
Introduction
Glass
Glass as Forensic Evidence
Soil
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
Fires and Explosions
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
What Is a Fire?
Extinguishing a Fire
Incendiary Fires
Investigation of a Fire
Role of Accelerants
Analysis of Fire Scene Evidence
Analysis of Accelerants
Explosions
Investigation of Bombing Scenes
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web
LEGAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Presentation of Forensic Evidence in Court
Learning Objectives
Mini Glossary
Acronyms
Introduction
Admissibility of Evidence
Laboratory Reports
Expert Testimony
Summary
Test Yourself
Further Readings
On the Web