Inorganic Reactions and Methods V 9 - Formation of Bonds to C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Pt 1

Contents of Volume How to use this book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 9 5. Formation of the Bonds to the Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Elements 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Formation of the Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Element Bond 5.2.1. introduction 5.2.2. Formation of the Carbon Carbon Bond 5.2.3. Formation of the Si - Si Bond 5.2.3.1. in Elemental Silicon 5.2.3.1.1. from Oxides. 5.2.3.1.2. by Other Methods. 5.2.3.1.3. Formation of High Purity Silicon 5.2.3.1.4. Electrochemical Formation of Compounds with Si - Si Bonds (Including Elemental Silicon) 5.2.3.2. from Metal Silicides 5.2.3.2.1. by Solvolysis in Aqueous or Liquid Ammonia Solutions. 5.2.3.2.2. Formation of Oligosilanes 5.2.3.2.3. Formation of Polymeric Compounds 5.2.3.3. from Silicon Hydrides and Organosilicon Hydrides 5.2.3.3.1. by the Action of a Silent Electric Discharge. 5.2.3.3.2. by Direct Photolysis. 5.2.3.3.3. by Sensitized Photolysis. 5.2.3.3.4. by Catalyzed Reactions. 5.2.3.3.5. by Reaction with Silylmetallic Compounds. 5.2.3.4. from Silicon Halides and Organosilicon Halides 5.2.3.4.1. by Electrochemical Reduction. 5.2.3.4.2. by Halide Elimination with Active Metals. 5.2.3.4.3. by Reaction with Silylmetallics. 5.2.3.4.4. by Catalyzed Disproportionation. 5.2.3.4.5. by Reaction with Organomagnesium Halide Reagents. 5.2.3.4.6. by the Action of Silent Electric Discharge. 5.2.3.4.7. by Mercury Photosensitized Photolyses. 5.2.3.5. from Bissilylmercury Compounds 5.2.3.5.1. by Thermolysis. 5.2.3.5.2. by Photolysis. 5.2.3.6. from Organosilanes and Silicon Halides by Hydrogenolysis. 5.2.3.7. from Silylenes 5.2.3.7.1. by Oligomerization. 5.2.3.7.2. by Insertions into Bonds of Silicon to Hydrogen, Oxygen and Silicon. 5.2.3.7.3. by Addition to Si=C. 5.2.3.8. in the Direct Reaction of Methyl Chloride with Silicon Copper. 5.2.4. Formation of the Germanium Germanium Bond 5.2.4.1. in Elemental Germanium 5.2.4.1.1. from Oxides. 5.2.4.1.2. from Sulfides. 5.2.4.1.3. by Other Syntheses. 5.2.4.1.4. Formation of High Purity Germanium. 5.2.4.2. from Organogermanium Hydrides 5.2.4.2.1. by Reaction with Diorganomercury Compounds in the Presence of UV Radiation. 5.2.4.2.2. by Hydrogermolysis Reaction. 5.2.4.2.3. by Germanium Hydride Decomposition. 5.2.4.3. from Ge(IV) Halides and Organogermanium(IV) Halides 5.2.4.3.1. by the Action of a Microwave Discharge of Ge(IV) Halides. 5.2.4.3.2. by Electrochemical Reduction. 5.2.4.3.3. by Halide Elimination with Active Metals. 5.2.4.3.4. by Reaction with Germyl Metal Reagents. 5.2.4.3.5. by Reaction with Organometallic Reagents. 5.2.4.4. from Germanium(II) Halides 5.2.4.4.1. by Reactions with Germyl Metal Reagents. 5.2.4.4.2. by Reaction with Organometallic Reagents. 5.2.4.5. from Germyl Compounds of Cadmium, Mercury, Thallium, Antimony and Bismuth 5.2.4.5.1. by Thermolysis or Photolysis. 5.2.4.6. from Germylenes 5.2.4.6.1. by Oligomerization of Germylenes. 5.2.4.6.2. by Insertions into Bonds of Germanium to Hydrogen, Halogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Germanium. 5.2.5. The Formation of the Tin - Tin Bond 5.2.5.1. in Elemental Tin 5.2.5.1.1. from Oxides. 5.2.5.1.2. from Sulfides. 5.2.5.1.3. by Other Syntheses. 5.2.5.1.4. Allotropy of Tin 5.2.5.2. from Organotin Hydrides 5.2.5.2.1. by Catalytic Hydrogen Elimination. 5.2.5.2.2. by Reaction with Organotin Halogen, Pseudohalogen, Chalcogen and Pnictogen Compounds. 5.2.5.2.3. by Reaction with Organometallic Compounds. 5.2.5.2.4. by Reaction with Reducible Organic Compounds. 5.2.5.3. from Organotin Halides 5.2.5.3.1. by Electrochemical Reduction. 5.2.5.3.2. by Halide Elimination with Active Metals. 5.2.5.3.3. by Reaction with Stannyl Metal Reagents. 5.2.5.3.4. by Reactions with Bulky Organometallic Reagents. 5.2.5.4. from Tin(II) Halides by Reaction with Organometallic Reagents. 5.2.5.5. from Bis(stannyl) Compounds of Mercury. 5.2.5.6. from Stannylenes 5.2.5.6.1. by Oligomerization of Stannylenes. 5.2.5.6.2. by Insertions into Bonds of Tin to Hydrogen, Carbon and Tin. 5.2.5.7. from Sodium Tin Alloys by Reaction with Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 5.2.6. Formation of the Lead Lead Bond 5.2.6.1. in Metallic Lead 5.2.6.1.1. from Oxides. 5.2.6.1.2. from Sulfides. 5.2.6.1.3. by Other Syntheses. 5.2.6.2. from Lead(II) and Lead(IV) Salts by Reaction with Organometallic Reagents. 5.2.6.3. from Organolead Hydrides 5.2.6.3.1. by Thermolysis and Photolysis. 5.2.6.4. from Organolead Halides 5.2.6.4.1. by Halide Elimination with Active Metals. 5.2.6.4.2. by Reaction with Plumbyl Metal Reagents. 5.2.6.5. from Organolead Hydroxides by Electrolysis. 5.2.6.6. from Lead Alloys 5.2.6.6.1. by Reaction with Organic Halides. 5.2.6.6.2. by Reaction with Cryptate Reagents. 5.2.6.7. by Other Syntheses 5.2.6.7.1. by Oxidation Processes. 5.2.6.7.2. by Reductive Processes. 5.2.7. The Formation of the Carbon Silicon Bond 5.2.7.1. from the Elements. 5.2.7.2. from Elemental Silicon and Its Alloys 5.2.7.2.1. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides. 5.2.7.2.2. by Reaction with Aryl Halides. 5.2.7.2.3. by Reaction with Other Species. 5.2.7.3. from Silicon Halides 5.2.7.3.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.7.3.2. by Interaction with Organic Halides with Active Metals. 5.2.7.3.3. by Interaction with Unsaturated Organic Derivatives and Active Metals. 5.2.7.3.4. by Redistribution Reactions with Organosilanes. 5.2.7.3.5. by Reaction with Hydrocarbons. 5.2.7.3.6. by Reaction with Diazoalkanes. 5.2.7.4. from Silicon Alkoxides, Silicon Carboxylates or Siloxanes 5.2.7.4.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.7.4.2. by Interaction with Organic Halides and Active Metals. 5.2.7.4.3. by Interaction with Unsaturated Organic Compounds. 5.2.7.5. from Silicon Hydrides 5.2.7.5.1. by Addition to Olefinic or Acetylenic Linkages. 5.2.7.5.2. by Reaction with Diazoalkanes or Other Carbenoids. 5.2.7.5.3. by Reaction with Active Organometallics to Eliminate MH. 5.2.7.5.4. from the Pyrolysis of Organohydrosilanes. 5.2.7.6. from Silylmetallics 5.2.7.6.1. by Reaction with Organic Halides to Eliminate MX. 5.2.7.6.2. by Cleavage of Certain Ethers and Epoxides. 5.2.7.6.3. by Addition to Carbonyl Groups of CO2 and Other Acyl Derivatives. 5.2.7.6.4. by Addition to C - C Unsaturated Systems. 5.2.7.7. from Other Organosilanes by Exchange with Active Organometallics. 5.2.8. Formation of the Carbon Germanium Bond 5.2.8.1. from the Elements. 5.2.8.2. from Elemental Germanium and Its Alloys 5.2.8.2.1. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides. 5.2.8.2.2. by Reaction with Aryl Halides. 5.2.8.3. from Germanium Halides (Di and Tetravalent) 5.2.8.3.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.8.3.2. by Interaction with Organic Halides and Active Metals. 5.2.8.3.3. by Addition of Organic Halide to Germanium(II) Halides and Organohalogermylenes. 5.2.8.3.4. by Addition of Germylenes to Unsaturated Compounds. 5.2.8.3.5. by Redistribution Reactions with Organogermanes. 5.2.8.3.6. by Reaction with Diazoalkanes. 5.2.8.4. from Germanium Alkoxides, Germanium Carboxylates or Germanium Oxides 5.2.8.4.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.8.4.2. by Reaction with Organic Halides and Active Metals. 5.2.8.5. from Germanium Hydrides 5.2.8.5.1. by Addition to Olefinic or Acetylenic Linkages. 5.2.8.5.2. by Reaction with Diazoderivatives or Other Carbenoides. 5.2.8.5.3. by Reaction with Active Organometallics to Eliminate MH. 5.2.8.6. from Germylmetallics 5.2.8.6.1. by Reaction with Organic Halides to Eliminate HX 5.2.8.6.2. by Reaction with Ethers. 5.2.8.6.3. by Addition to the Carbonyl Group of CO2 and Other Acyl Derivatives. 5.2.8.6.4. by Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes. 5.2.8.7. from Other Organogermanes by Exchange with Active Organometallics 5.2.9. Formation of the Carbon Tin Bond 5.2.9.1. from the Elements. 5.2.9.2. from the Metal and Its Alloys 5.2.9.2.1. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides. 5.2.9.2.2. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides Having Alkenyl or Aryl Substituents 5.2.9.2.3. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides Having Other Substituents. 5.2.9.2.4. by Electrolysis at a Tin Anode. 5.2.9.2.5. by Electrolysis at a Tin Cathode. 5.2.9.3. from Tin Halides (Di and Tetravalent) 5.2.9.3.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.9.3.2. Redistribution Reactions Involving Tetraorganostannanes and Tin(IV) Halides. 5.2.9.3.3. from Tin(II) Halides. 5.2.9.3.4. by Reaction with Diazoalkanes. 5.2.9.3.5. by Reaction with Another Carbon Centered Protic Compound. 5.2.9.4. from Tin Alkoxides, Tin Carboxylates or Tin Oxides 5.2.9.4.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics. 5.2.9.4.2. by Reaction with Terminal Acetylenes. 5.2.9.4.3. by Decarboxylation of Organotin Carboxylates and Other Elimination Reactions. 5.2.9.4.4. by Addition to Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds. 5.2.9.4.5. by Transesterification. 5.2.9.5. from Tin Hydrides 5.2.9.5.1. by Hydrostannation of Alkenes. 5.2.9.5.2. by Hydrostannation of Alkynes. 5.2.9.5.3. by Formation of Heterocyclic Compounds by Hydrostannation. 5.2.9.5.4. by Reaction with Diazoalkanes. 5.2.9.6. from Organotin Amides 5.2.9.6.1. by Insertion. 5.2.9.6.2. by Reaction with a Terminal Acetylene. 5.2.9.6.3. by Reaction with a Cyclopentadiene. 5.2.9.6.4. by Reaction with a Diazoalkane. 5.2.9.6.5. by Reaction with Another Carbon Centered Protic Compound. 5.2.9.7. from Stannylmetallics 5.2.9.7.1. by Reaction with Organic Halides to Eliminate MX. 5.2.9.7.2. by Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes 5.2.9.7.3. by Cleavage of Ethers and Epoxides. 5.2.9.8. from Other Organotins by Exchange with Active Organometallics. 5.2.10. Formation of the Carbon Lead Bond 5.2.10.1. from the Elements 5.2.10.2. from Lead Metal and Its Alloys 5.2.10.2.1. by Reaction with Alkyl Halides and Alkyl Esters. 5.2.10.2.2. by Reaction with Aryl Halides 5.2.10.2.3. by Reaction with Other Species 5.2.10.2.4. by Electrolysis of Sodium Tetraorganoaluminates at a Lead Anode 5.2.10.2.5. by the Action of Aryldiazonium Salts on Pb Metal 5.2.10.3. from Lead Halides (Di and Tetravalent) 5.2.10.3.1. by Reaction with Active Organometallics 5.2.10.3.2. by Interaction of Lead(II) Salts with an Active Organometallic and an Organic Halide 5.2.10.4. from Lead(II) Oxide, Lead Carboxylate or Plumbite Salts 5.2.10.4.1. by Reaction of an Organic Halide with Sodium Plumbite. 5.2.10.4.2. by Reaction with an Active Organometallic 5.2.10.5. from Organolead Hydrides 5.2.10.6. from Organolead Amides 5.2.10.7. from Plumbylmetallics 5.2.10.7.1. by Reaction with Organic Halides To Eliminate MX. 5.2.10.7.2. by Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes. 5.2.10.7.3. by Cleavage of Epoxides and Lactones. 5.2.10.8. from Other Organoleads by Exchange with Active Organometallics. 5.2.11. Formation of Mixed Group IVB Group IVB Element Bonds (Except Carbon Group IVB Bonds) 5.2.11.1. from the Elements 5.2.11.1.1. in Alloys. 5.2.11.1.2. in Silicides. 5.2.11.1.3. in Germanides. 5.2.11.1.4. in Hydrides. 5.2.11.2. from Group IVB Halides (Di and Tetravalent) 5.2.11.2.1. by Halide Elimination with Active Metals. 5.2.11.2.2. by Reaction with a Group IVB Element Active Metal Reagent 5.2.11.3. from Group IVB Hydrides 5.2.11.3.1. by Reaction with a Group IVB Element Active Metal Reagent. 5.2.11.3.2. by Reaction with a Group IVB Element Amide. 5.2.11.4. from Group IVB Alkoxides and Carboxylates by Reaction with a Group IVB Element Active Metal Reagent. 5.2.11.5. from Mixed Group IVB Element Mercurials, by Photolysis 5.2.11.6. by Insertion of Silylenes, Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes into Group IVB Hydrogen, Halide and Carbon Bonds. List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index