Inorganic Reactions and Methods V 1 - Formation of Bonds to Hydrogen Pt 1

How to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 1 1. The Formation of Bonds to Hydrogen (Part 1) 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The Formation of Hydrogen 1.2.1. Introduction 1.2.2. by Reactions of Hydride Ions 1.2.2.1. with Hydrogen Halides. 1.2.2.2. with OH Groups and Acids in OH Systems. 1.2.2.3. with SH and SeH Groups and Acids in SH and SeH Systems. 1.2.2.4. with NH Groups and Acids in NH Systems. 1.2.2.5. with PH and AsH Groups and Acids in PH and AsH Systems. 1.2.3. by Reactions of Complex Hydrides 1.2.3.1. with Hydrogen Halides. 1.2.3.2. with OH Groups and Acids in OH Systems. 1.2.3.3. with SH and SeH Groups and Acids in SH and SeH Systems. 1.2.3.4. with NH Groups and Acids in NH Systems. 1.2.3.5. with PH and AsH Groups and Acids in PH and AsH Systems. 1.2.4. by Reactions of Metals 1.2.4.1. with Hydrogen Halides. 1.2.4.2. with OH Groups and Acids in OH Systems. 1.2.4.3. with SH and SeH Groups and Acids in SH and SeH Systems. 1.2.4.4. with NH Groups and Acids in NH Systems. 1.2.4.5. with PH and AsH Groups and Acids in PH and AsH Systems. 1.2.5. by Reactions of Nonmetals and Semimetals 1.2.5.1. with Hydrogen Halides 1.2.5.2. with OH Groups and Acids in OH Systems. 1.2.5.3. with SH and SeH Groups and Acids in SH and SeH Systems. 1.2.5.4. with NH Groups and Acids in NH Systems. 1.2.5.5. with PH and AsH Groups and Acids in PH and AsH Systems 1.2.6. by Electrolytic Reduction 1.2.6.1. of Hydrogen Halides. 1.2.6.2. of OH Systems. 1.2.6.3. of SH and SeH Systems. 1.2.6.4. of NH Systems. 1.2.6.5. of PH and AsH Systems. 1.2.7. by Reactions of Water 1.2.7.1. with Carbon. 1.2.7.2. with Saturated Hydrocarbons. 1.2.7.3. with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. 1.2.7.4. with CO. 1.2.7.5. Involving Water Splitting 1.2.7.5.1. in Electrochemical Reactions. 1.2.7.5.2. in Chemical Reactions Involving Main Group Elements. 1.2.7.5.3. in Chemical Reactions involving Transition and Inner Transition Metals. 1.2.7.6. with Other OH Containing Compounds. 1.2.8. by Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons. 1.2.9. Isotopes: Deuterium - Chemical Preparation of D2 and D2O 1.2.9.1. by Interconversion of Deuterated Compounds 1.2.9.1.1. in Reactions between D2O and Active Metals. 1.2.9.1.2. in Electrolyses of Salts Dissolved in D2O. 1.2.9.1.3. in HD Synthesis. 1.2.9.2. by Isotopic Enrichment 1.2.9.2.1. Principles and Reactions 1.2.9.2.2. Catalysis of Hydrogen - Water isotope Exchange 1.2.9.2.3. Catalysis of Hydrogen - Ammonia (Amine) Exchange 1.2.9.2.4. Other Processes 1.3. The Formation of Hydrogen - Halogen Bonds 1.3.1. Introduction 1.3.2. by Reactions of Hydrogen 1.3.2.1. with Fluorine. 1.3.2.2. with Chlorine. 1.3.2.3. with Bromine. 1.3.2.4. with Iodine. 1.3.3. by Reactions of Protonic Acids 1.3.3.1. with Fluoride Ions. 1.3.3.2. with Chloride Ions. 1.3.3.3. with Bromide Ions. 1.3.3.4. with Iodide Ions. 1.3.3.5. with Complex Halides. 1.3.4. by Hydrolysis 1.3.4.1. of Fluorides. 1.3.4.2. of Chlorides. 1.3.4.3. of Bromides. 1.3.4.4. of Iodides. 1.3.4.5. of Complex Fluorides. 1.3.5. by Industrial Processes. 1.3.6. in Syntheses of Deuterium Halides. 1.3.7. in Syntheses of Hydrogen Astatide. 1.4. The Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) 1.4.1. Introduction 1.4.1.1. Scope 1.4.1.2. Classification 1.4.1.3. Safety and Toxicity 1.4.2. by Reactions of Elemental Hydrogen 1.4.2.1. with Elemental Oxygen 1.4.2.1.1. in the Gas Phase. 1.4.2.1.2. in the Gas Phase under Irradiation or Electrical Discharge Giving Hydrogen Peroxide. 1.4.2.1.3. under Metal Catalysis Giving Hydrogen Peroxide. 1.4.2.1.4. under Metal Catalysis Giving Water. 1.4.2.2. with Elemental Sulfur 1.4.2.2.1. Kinetics 1.4.2.2.2. Equilibrium Constants 1.4.2.2.3. The Influence of Catalysts on the Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide 1.4.2.2.4. Induction by Radiation 1.4.2.3. with Elemental Selenium and Tellurium 1.4.2.3.1. The Formation of Hydrogen Selenide 1.4.2.3.2. The Formation of Hydrogen Telluride 1.4.2.4. with Elemental Polonium 1.4.2.4.1. The Questionable Existence and Stoichiometry of a Polonium Hydride 1.4.2.4.2. Reaction of Dihydrogen with Polonium 1.4.2.4.3. Reaction of Nascent Hydrogen with Polonium 1.4.2.5. with Oxygen Compounds 1.4.2.5.1. in Reductions of Metal Oxides. 1.4.2.5.2. in Reductions of Metal Sulfates. 1.4.2.5.3. in Reductions of Main Group Compounds Other than Carbon Oxides. 1.4.2.5.4. in Reductions of Oxides of Carbon. 1.4.2.5.5. in the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction. 1.4.2.5.6. in the Formation of Methanoic Acid. 1.4.2.5.7. in Methanation Reactions. 1.4.2.5.8. in the Formation of Methanol by Heterogeneous Catalysis. 1.4.2.5.9. in the Formation of Methanol and Other Alcohols by Homogeneous interactions. 1.4.2.6. with Sulfur Compounds 1.4.2.6.1. in Reductions of Metal Sulfides. 1.4.2.6.2. in Reductions of Sulfur Dioxide. 1.4.2.6.3. in Reductions of Carbon Disulfide. 1.4.2.6.4. in Reductions of Sulfur Halides. 1.4.2.6.5. in Reductions of Salts of Sulfur Oxyacids. 1.4.2.7. with Selenium and Tellurium Compounds 1.4.2.7.1. in Reductions of Selenides. 1.4.2.7.2. in Reductions of Tellurides. 1.4.2.8. with Polonium Halides. 1.4.3. by Reactions of Hydrogen Containing Compounds 1.4.3.1. with Elemental Oxygen 1.4.3.1.1. in Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidations. 1.4.3.1.2. in the Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroperoxo Species. 1.4.3.2. with Elemental Sulfur 1.4.3.2.1. in Reactions of Compounds Containing the Hydrogen - Carbon Bond. 1.4.3.2.2. in Reactions of Compounds Containing the Hydrogen - Oxygen Bond. 1.4.3.2.3. in Reactions of Compounds Containing Bonds Other than Carbon - Hydrogen or Oxygen - Hydrogen. 1.4.3.3. with Elemental Selenium and Tellurium 1.4.3.3.1. in Cleavage of the Carbon - Hydrogen Bond by Selenium. 1.4.3.3.2. in Cleavage of the Oxygen - Hydrogen Bond by Selenium. 1.4.3.3.3. in Cleavage of the Carbon - Hydrogen Bond by Tellurium. 1.4.4. by Reactions of Aqueous Acids 1.4.4.1. with Oxides 1.4.4.1.1. in the Preparation of Hydrogen Peroxide from Metal Peroxides. 1.4.4.1.2. in the Cathodic Reduction of Dioxygen in Aqueous Solution. 1.4.4.2. with Sulfides 1.4.4.2.1. in the Preparation of Hydrogen Sulfide. 1.4.4.2.2. in Preparations of Higher Sulfanes. 1.4.4.2.3. in the Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cathodic Reductions. 1.4.4.2.4. in the Formation of Higher Sulfanes in Cathodic Reductions. 1.4.4.3. with Selenides and Tellurides 1.4.4.3.1. in Preparations of Hydrogen Selenide from Acids and Metal Selenides. 1.4.4.3.2. in the Preparation of Hydrogen Selenide by Cathodic Reduction. 1.4.4.3.3. in the Formation of Diselenane. 1.4.4.3.4. in Preparations of Hydrogen Telluride from Acids and Metal Tellurides. 1.4.4.3.5. in the Preparation of Hydrogen Telluride by Cathodic Reduction in Acid Electrolyte. 1.4.4.4. in the Cathodic Reduction of Polonium. 1.4.5. by Reactions of Protonic Acids 1.4.5.1. with Oxides 1.4.5.1.1. in Preparations of Sulfonic Acids. 1.4.5.1.2. in the Formation of Other Compounds Containing Hydrogen - Oxygen Bonds. 1.4.5.2. with Sulfides 1.4.5.2.1. in Preparations of Hydrogen Sulfide and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide. 1.4.5.2.2. in Preparations of the Higher Sulfanes. 1.4.5.2.3. in Preparations of Anhydrous Acids of Sulfur. 1.4.5.3. with Selenides Giving Hydrogen Selenide. 1.4.6. by Reactions of Covalent Hydrides 1.4.6.1. with Oxygen Compounds 1.4.6.1.1. in the Hydrolysis of Peroxodisulfate Giving Hydrogen Peroxide. 1.4.6. by Reactions of Covalent Hydrides 1.4.6.1. with Oxygen Compounds 1.4.6.1.2. in the Formation of Water by Reactions Involving Hydrogen Sulfide. 1.4.6.1.3. in the Formation of Water by Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Salts. 1.4.6.2. with Sulfur Compounds 1.4.6.2.1. in Hydrolyses of Metal Sulfides. 1.4.6.2.2. in Hydrolyses and Ammonolyses of Carbon Sulfides. 1.4.6.2.3. in Hydrolyses of Organosulfur Compounds. 1.4.6.2.4. in the Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide by Methane. 1.4.6.2.5. in Reductions of Sulfur Compounds by Hydrogen Iodide. 1.4.6.2.6. in Reductions of Sulfur Compounds by Other Main Group Hydrides. 1.4.6.3. with Selenium and Tellurium Compounds 1.4.6.3.1. in the Formation of Hydrogen Selenide by Hydrolysis of Selenides. 1.4.6.3.2. in the Formation of Selenols by Hydrolysis of Selenolates. 1.4.6.3.3. in Reductions of Selenium(IV) Species. 1.4.6.3.4. in the Formation of Hydrogen Telluride by Hydrolysis of Tellurides. 1.4.6.3.5. in the Alcoholysis of Aluminum Selenide and Telluride. 1.4.7. by Reactions of Binary Metal Hydrides 1.4.7.1. with Oxygen Compounds 1.4.7.1.1. in Reductions of Carbon Oxides and Carbonates. 1.4.7.1.2. in Reductions of Metal Oxides. 1.4.7.2. with Sulfur Compounds and Elemental Sulfur. 1.4.8. by Reactions of Complex Hydrides 1.4.8.1. with Oxygen Compounds 1.4.8.1.1. in Reductions of Carbon Oxides and Oxyhalides. 1.4.8.1.2. in Reductions of Organic Compounds to Hydroxy Species. 1.4.8.1.3. in Reductions of Metal Oxides. 1.4.8.2. with Sulfur Compounds 1.4.8.2.1. in Reductions of Oxy Compounds of Sulfur. 1.4.8.2.2. in Reductions of Halides of Sulfur. 1.4.8.2.3. in Reductions of Other Compounds of Sulfur. 1.4.8.2.4. in Reductions of Elemental Sulfur. 1.4.8.3. with Selenium and Tellurium Compounds 1.4.8.3.1. in Reductions of the Elements by Tetrahydroborate. 1.4.8.3.2. in Reductions of Oxy Compounds of Selenium and Tellurium by Complex Hydrides. 1.4.8.4. with Polonium Halides. 1.4.9. by Industrial Processes 1.4.9.1. Involving Oxygen Compounds 1.4.9.1.1. in the Production of Hydrogen Peroxide. 1.4.9.1.2. in Methanation Reactions. 1.4.9.1.3. in the Production of Methanol. 1.4.9.2. Involving Sulfur Compounds 1.4.9.2.1. in the Hydrogenation of Sulfur or Sulfides Giving Hydrogen Sulfide. 1.4.9.2.2. in the Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide by Hydrodesulfurization. 1.4.9.2.3. in the Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Hydrogen Sulfide. 1.4.9.2.4. in the Production of Hydrogen Sulfide from Hydrocarbons. 1.4.9.2.5. in the Production of Hydrogen Sulfide from Alkaline Earth Sulfides. 1.4.9.3. Involving Selenium and Tellurium: The Hydride Method of Refining the Elements. 1.4.10. in Syntheses of Deuterium Derivatives 1.4.10.1. by Interconversion of Deuterated Compounds 1.4.10.1.1. with Oxygen Compounds. 1.4.10.1.2. with Sulfur Compounds. 1.4.10.1.3. with Selenium and Tellurium Compounds. 1.4.10.2. by Isotopic Enrichment Using Chemical Reactions 1.4.10.2.1. with Oxygen Compounds. 1.4.10.2.2. with Sulfur Compounds. 1.4.10.2.3. with Selenium and Tellurium Compounds. List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index