Macrocyclic Polyamines Synthesis and Applications

1. Introduction 1.1. Classification of macrocyclic polyamines 1.2. Properties of macrocyclic polyamines 1.3. Application of macrocyclic polyamines 2. Synthetic Methods of Macrocyclic Polyamines 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Aliphatic (or saturated) macrocyclic polyamines 2.3. Macrocyclic polyamines containing aromatic rings 2.4. Macrocyclic amides 2.5. Macrocyclic imines 2.6. Cross-linked macrocyclic polyamines 3. Chemical Nucleases Based on Macrocyclic Polyamines 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Hydrolysis of nucleic acid 3.2.1. Metal complexes of macrocyclic ligands 3.2.2. Metal-free macrocyclic polyamines 3.3. Oxidative cleavage of nucleic acid 3.4. Summary 4. The Derivatives of Macrocyclic Polyamines as Nano-vector Materials 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Derivatives of macrocyclic polyamines as non-viral gene vectors 4.2.1. Cationic polymers 4.2.2. Lipids with cationic macrocyclic polyamine headgroups 4.2.3. Other types of vectors 4.3. Multifunctional materials for both drug delivery and bio-imaging 4.3.1. Gd complexes 4.3.2. Cu64 complexes 4.4. Miscellaneous 4.5. Summary 5. Macrocyclic Polyamines Derivatives for Bio-imaging 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Typical macrocyclic polyamines for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 5.2.1. DOTA and its derivatives 5.2.2. DO3A and its derivatives 5.2.3. PCTA and its derivatives 5.2.4. TETA and NOTA 5.3. Other derivatives of macrocyclic polyamine for MRI 5.3.1. Phosphonate macrocyclic ligands 5.3.2. Amide macrocyclic ligands 5.3.3. Ligands with hydroxy arms 5.3.4. Other types 5.4. Macrocyclic polyamines for PET imaging 6. Chemical Sensors/Receptors Based on Macrocyclic Polyamines 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Sensors for metal cations 6.2.1. Zn(II) and Cd(II) 6.2.2. Cu(II) and Pb(II) 6.2.3. Hg(II) , Ag(I) and others 6.3. Receptors for anions 6.3.1. Phosphonates 6.3.2. Amino acids 6.3.3. Other anions 6.4. pH indicator 6.5. Sensors for bioactive molecules 6.5.1. Small molecules 6.5.2. Proteins 6.5.3. Others 7. Other Applications of Macrocyclic Polyamines 7.1. Macrocyclic polyamines for exaction and separation of metal ions 7.2. Macrocyclic polyamines for organic catalysis 7.3. Bioactivities of macrocyclic polyamines 7.4. Self-assembly of macrocyclic polymaines 7.5. Others