Sustainable Refurbishment

Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xii Part 1 Introduction to Building Refurbishment 1 Chapter 1 What is Building Refurbishment? 3 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Definitions of Refurbishment 5 1.3 Building Refurbishment Market and Size 10 Endnotes 14 Chapter 2 Sustainable Refurbishment 15 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Overview of Sustainable Development 17 2.3 Sustainable Development and Building Refurbishment 29 Endnotes 33 Chapter 3 Occupant Evaluation 34 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Changes in Work Patterns 37 3.3 Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE) 38 Endnotes 45 Part 2 Managing Refurbishment as a Process 47 Chapter 4 Drivers for Sustainable Refurbishment? 49 4.1 Market Pressures 50 4.2 Return on Investment 55 4.3 Regulatory Incentives 60 4.4 Financial Incentives and Taxes 65 4.5 Climate Change 71 4.6 Corporate Responsibility 76 4.7 Skills 79 Endnotes 81 Chapter 5 Developing a Business Plan and Strategy 84 5.1 Costs and Risks to Refurbish 85 5.2 Barriers to Refurbishment 86 5.3 Delivering Commercially Viable Refurbishment 87 5.4 Factors to Consider to Improve the Performance 88 5.5 Defining the Strategy 89 Endnotes 89 Chapter 6 Managing Delivery 90 6.1 Delivering a Sustainable Refurbishment 91 6.2 Minor Refurbishment Approach 92 6.3 Major and Comprehensive Refurbishment Approach 94 6.4 Green Leases 96 6.5 ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standards 98 6.6 Energy Star 101 6.7 Managing-Delivery Checklist 102 Endnote 102 Chapter 7 Managing Impacts 103 7.1 International Standards 104 7.2 LEED and BREEAM 106 7.3 Project Sustainability Assessment 110 7.4 Performance Improvements from Standards 114 7.5 Behavioural Change 116 Endnotes 117 Part 3 Low-Carbon Technologies and Materials 119 Chapter 8 Energy-Efficiency Measures 121 8.1 Introduction 122 8.2 Refurbishment Options and Approach 125 8.3 Assessing Costs of Energy-Efficiency Measures 130 8.4 Fabric and Passive Energy-Efficiency Measures 134 8.5 Energy-Efficiency Measures Mechanical 141 8.6 ESCOs and Energy-Performance Contracting 148 8.7 Energy-Efficiency and Low-Carbon Checklist 154 8.8 Health and Indoor-Environment Checklist 155 Endnotes 156 Chapter 9 Behavioural Change 157 9.1 Commissioning Buildings 158 9.2 Energy Conservation as a Behaviour 160 Endnotes 164 Chapter 10 Renewable Energy 165 10.1 Introduction 166 10.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 168 10.3 Solar Thermal Hot-Water Systems 170 10.4 Wind Turbines 173 10.5 Biofuel Heating 175 10.6 Geothermal Energy 179 10.7 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 180 10.8 Heat Pumps 183 Endnote 185 Chapter 11 Embodied Carbon 186 11.1 Introduction 187 11.2 Embodied Carbon Standards 188 11.3 Varying Embodied Carbon Values in Buildings 192 Case Study 1 London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA): Energy Case Study 196 Case Study 2 89 Culford Road: Extreme Low-Carbon Dwelling Refurbishment 202 Case Study 3 Empire State Building to Become a Model of Energy 205 Endnotes 214 Part 4 Environmental Areas 215 Chapter 12 Material Use and Resource Efficiency 217 12.1 Introduction 218 12.2 Material-Certification Schemes 219 12.3 Material Procurement 221 12.4 Designing-in Sustainable Materials 222 12.5 Material Resource Efficiency 224 12.6 Site Waste Management 226 12.7 Materials and Resource Efficiency Checklist 230 Endnotes 231 Chapter 13 Water Conservation 233 13.1 Performing a Water Audit 234 13.2 Reducing Water Use 236 13.3 Rainwater Harvesting 238 13.4 Flood Risk and Sustainable Drainage Systems 240 13.5 Water-Conservation Checklist 240 Endnote 241 Chapter 14 Biodiversity 242 14.1 Introduction 243 14.2 Green Roofs and Walls 244 14.3 Provision for Birds 253 14.4 Biodiversity Checklist 254 Endnotes 255 Chapter 15 Transport 256 15.1 Developing a Travel Plan 257 15.2 Delivery Travel Plans 259 15.3 Transport Checklist 260 Glossary 262 Further Reading and Websites 266 Index 271