Renewable Polymers - Synthesis, Processing, and Technology

Preface xii List of Contributors xv 1. Polymers from renewable Resources 1 V. Mittal 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Naturally Renewable Methylene Butyrolactones 4 1.3 Renewable Rosin Acid-Degradable Caprolactone Block Copolymers 6 1.4 Plant Oils as Platform Chemicals for Polymer Synthesis 7 1.5 Biosourced Sterecontrolled Polytriazoles 9 1.6 Polymers from Naturally Occurring Monoterpene 10 1.7 Polymerization of Biosourced 2- (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl Tiglate 11 1.8 Oxypropylation of Repeseed Cake Residue 12 1.9 Copolymerization of Naturally Occurring Limonene 13 1.10 Polymerization of Lactides 14 1.11 Nanocomposites Using Renewable Polymers 19 1.12 Castor Oil Based Thermosets 19 References 22 2. Design, Synthesis, Property, and Application of Plant Oil Polymers 23 Keshar Prassain and Duy H. Hua 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Triglyceride Polymers 25 2.3 Summary 65 Reference 65 3. Advances in Acid Mediated Polymerizations 69 Stewart P. Lewis and R. Mathers 3.1 Introduction 70 3.2 Problems Inherent to Cationic Ole. N Polymerization 72 3.3 Progress Toward Cleaner Cationic Polymerization 75 3.4 Environmental Bene. Ts via New Process Conditions 158 3.5 Cationic Polymerization of Monomers Derived from Renewable Resources 161 3.6 Sustainable Synthesis of Monomers for Cationic Polymerization 163 References 164 4. Olive Oil Wastewater as a Renewable Resource for Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates 175 Francesco Valentino, Marianna Villano, Lorenzo Bertin, Mario Beccari, and Mauro Majone 4.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Structure, Properties, and Applications 175 4.2 PHA Production Processes Employing Pure Microbial Cultures 177 4.3 PHA Production Processes Employing Mixed Microbial Cultures 178 4.4 Olive Oil Mill Ef. Uents (OMEs) as a Possible Feedstock for PHA Production 197 4.5 OMEs as Feedstock for PHA Production 206 4.6 Concluding Remarks 211 References 212 5. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) for Production of Polymers from Renewable Resources 221 Kattimuttathu I. Suresh 5.1 Introduction 221 5.2 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) 222 5.3 Synthetic Strategies to Develop Functional Material Based on Renewable Resources - Composition, Topologies and Functionalities 227 5.4 Sustainable Sources for Monomers with a Potential for Making Novel Renewable Polymers 231 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 241 References 242 6. Renewable Polymers in Transgenic Crop Plants 247 Tina Hausmann and Inge Broer 6.1 Natural Plant Polymers 248 6.2 De Novo Synthesis of Polymers in Plants 269 6.3 Conclusion 289 References 291 7 . Polyesters, Polycarbonates and Polyamides Based on Renewable Resources 305 Bart A. J. Noordover 7.1 Introduction 306 7.2 Biomass-Based Monomers 307 7.3 Polyesters Based on Renewable Resources 308 7.4 Polycarbonates Based on Renewable Resources 332 7.5 Polyamides Based on Renewable Resources 344 7.6 Conclusions 349 References 350 8. Succinic Acid: Synthesis of Biobased Polymers from Renewable Resources 355 Stephen Kabasci and Inna Bretz 8.1 Introduction 355 8.2 Polymerization 359 8.3 Conclusions 371 References 372 9. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Based Polymers 381 Ananda S. Amarasekara 9.1 Introduction 381 9.2 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 382 9.3 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives 393 9.4 Polymers from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives 398 9.5 Conclusion 421 References 422 10. Natural Polymers-A Boon for Drug Delivery Rajesh. N. Uma, and Valluru Ravi 10.1 Introduction 429 10.2 Acacia 429 10.3 Agar 431 10.4 Alginate 433 10.5 Carrageenan 436 10.6 Cellulose 438 10.7 Chitosan 440 10.8 Dextrin 444 10.9 Dextrin 445 10.10 Gellan Gum 447 10.11 Guar Gum 448 10.12 Inulin 451 10.13 Karaya Gum 454 10.14 Konjac Glucomannan 453 10.15 Locust Bean Gum 454 10.16 Locust Gum 455 10.17 Pectin 455 10.18 Psyllium Husk 457 10.19 Scleroglucan 457 10.20 Starch 460 10.21 Xanthan Gum 462 References 465 Index 473