A Companion to the Medieval World

Notes on Contributors viii PART I THE MIDDLE AGES 1 1 The Idea of a Middle Ages 3 Edward D. English and Carol Lansing PART II EARLY MEDIEVAL FOUNDATIONS 7 2 Economies and Societies in Early Medieval Western Europe 9 Matthew Innes 3 Politics and Power 36 Hans Hummer 4 Religious Culture and the Power of Tradition in the Early Medieval West 67 Yitzhak Hen PART III POPULATIONS AND THE ECONOMY 87 5 Economic Takeoff and the Rise of Markets 89 James Paul Masschaele 6 Rural Families in Medieval Europe 111 Phillipp R. Schofield 7 Marriage in Medieval Latin Christendom 130 Martha Howell 8 Gender and Sexuality 161 John Arnold 9 Society, Elite Families, and Politics in Late Medieval Italian Cities 185 Edward D. English PART IV RELIGIOUS CULTURE 209 10 New Religious Movements and Reform 211 Maureen C. Miller 11 Monastic and Mendicant Communities 231 Constance H. Berman 12 Hospitals in the Middle Ages 257 James W. Brodman 13 Popular Belief and Heresy 276 Carol Lansing 14 Jews in the Middle Ages 293 Kenneth R. Stow 15 Muslims in Medieval Europe 313 Olivia Remie Constable PART V POLITICS AND POWER 333 16 Conflict Resolution and Legal Systems 335 Thomas Kuehn 17 Medieval Rulers and Political Ideology 354 Robert W. Dyson 18 Papal Monarchy 372 Andreas Meyer 19 Urban Historical Geography and the Writing of Late Medieval Urban History 397 Teofilo F. Ruiz 20 Bureaucracy and Literacy 413 Richard Britnell 21 The Practice of War 435 Clifford J. Rogers 22 Expansion and the Crusades 455 Christopher Tyerman PART VI TECHNOLOGIES AND CULTURE 475 23 Romanesque and Gothic Church Architecture 477 Stephen Murray 24 Aristocratic Culture: Kinship, Chivalry, and Court Culture 500 Richard E. Barton 25 Philosophy and Humanism 525 Stephen Gersh 26 Philosophy and Theology in the Universities 544 Philipp W. Rosemann PART VII THE EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES 561 27 Medieval Europe in World History 563 R. I. Moore Index 581