CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters

A comprehensive overview of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-DigitalConverters (ADCs) and a practical guide to their design innano-scale CMOS for optimal performance. This book presents a systematic and comprehensive compilation ofsigma-delta converter operating principles, the new advances inarchitectures and circuits, design methodologies and practicalconsiderations - going from system-level specifications tosilicon integration, packaging and measurements, with emphasis onnanometer CMOS implementation. The book emphasizes practical designissues - from high-level behavioural modelling inMATLAB/SIMULINK, to circuit-level implementation in Cadence DesignFrameWork II. As well as being a comprehensive reference to thetheory, the book is also unique in that it gives special importanceon practical issues, giving a detailed description of the differentsteps that constitute the whole design flow of sigma-delta ADCs. The book begins with an introductory survey of sigma-deltamodulators, their fundamentals architectures and synthesis methodscovered in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the effect of main circuiterror mechanisms is analysed, providing the necessary understandingof the main practical issues affecting the performance ofsigma-delta modulators. The knowledge derived from the first twochapters is presented in the book as an essential part of thesystematic top-down/bottom-up synthesis methodology of sigma-deltamodulators described in Chapter 3, where a time-domain behaviouralsimulator named SIMSIDES is described and applied to the high-leveldesign and verification of sigma-delta ADCs. Chapter 4 movesfarther down from system-level to the circuit and physical level,providing a number of design recommendations and practical recipesto complete the design flow of sigma-delta modulators. To concludethe book, Chapter 5 gives an overview of the state-of-the-artsigma-delta ADCs, which are exhaustively analysed in order toextract practical design guidelines and to identify the incomingtrends, design challenges as well as practical solutions proposedby cutting-edge designs. * Offers a complete survey of sigma-delta modulator architecturesfrom fundamentals to state-of-the art topologies, considering bothswitched-capacitor and continuous-time circuit implementations * Gives a systematic analysis and practical design guide ofsigma-delta modulators, from a top-down/bottom-up perspective,including mathematical models and analytical procedures,behavioural modeling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, macromodeling, andcircuit-level implementation in Cadence Design FrameWork II, chipprototyping, and experimental characterization. * Systematic compilation of cutting-edge sigma-deltamodulators * Complete description of SIMSIDES, a time-domain behaviouralsimulator implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK * Plenty of examples, case studies, and simulation test benches,covering the different stages of the design flow of sigma-deltamodulators * A number of electronic resources, including SIMSIDES, thestatistical data used in the state-of-the-art survey, as well asmany design examples and test benches are hosted on a companionwebsite Essential reading for Researchers and electronics engineeringpractitioners interested in the design of high-performance dataconverters integrated in nanometer CMOS technologies; mixed-signaldesigners.