Beyond Oneness and Difference

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Li¿ and Coherence: Recap of Ironies of Oneness and Difference and Terminological Clarifications

1. Li ¿ as a Fundamental Category in Chinese Thought

Needham and Organic Pattern
Hansen and the Mass Noun Hypothesis
Graham and the Absent Copula and Correlative Thinking
Peterson and Coherence
Hall and Ames and the Focus/Field

2. The Advent of Li, Ironic and Non-Ironic

Li and "Greatest Coherence" in the Xunzi
"Heavenly Principle" (¿¿ tianli) Ironic and Non-Ironic in the "Inner Chapters" of the Zhuangzi and "The Record of Music"
Li in the "Wings" to the Zhouyi
Li and Centrality in Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BCE)

3. The Development of Li in Ironic Texts

Li and Non-Ironic Coherence in the Later Parts of Zhuangzi: Integrating the Non-Ironic
First Type: Li and Dao Both Non-Ironic
Second Type: Dao Ironic, Li Non-Ironic
Third Type: Dao and Li Both Ironic
Integrating Types Two and Three

4. The Advent of Li as a Technical Philosophical Term

Toward the Ironic: Li in the Pre-Ironic Daoism of the Guanzi
Li Defined: The Later Two-and-a-half Chapters of the Guanzi
The Hanfeizi Commentary on Laozi: Li as Division and the Yielding Dao
Cosmological Dao and Its Li in the Huainanzi

5. Li as the Convergence of Coherence and Incoherence in Wang Bi and Guo Xiang

Subjective Perspectivism in Wang Bi: The Advent of Ti and Yong ¿¿ as Ironic Structure
Applications of the Multiplicity of Li in Wang's Laozi Commentary
Convergence of Coherence and Incoherence in Guo Xiang: Li as "Just the Way It Is," as Limit, and as Vanishing Convergence
Unintelligible Coherence: Vanishing and Merging into Things
Ironic Li as Non-Ironic Li in Guo Xiang

6. Beyond One and Many: Li in Tianti and Huayan Buddhism

How Emptiness Became Li
Tianti on Truth, Threefold
Li in Early Tiantai: Center as Convertibility of Determinate and Indeterminate
Appearance and Reality in Huayan and Tiantai
Existance and Nonexistence in Tiantai and Huayan
Wave and Water in Huayan: "Beyond" Li
Wave, Water, and Mud in Tiantai: Inherent Entailment as Omniavailability
Summary of Difference between Tiantai and Huayan, and the Irony of Coherence in the Tiantai and Huayan Classifications of Teachings

7. Mind, Omnipresence, and Coherence in Tiantai and Huayan

The Pure Mind and the Deluded Mind in Huayan Thought
Mind and the Nature in Tiantai Thought
The Three Thousand Lis and the Three Thousand Events

Conclusion: The Vertex of the Vortex

Epilogue: Toward Li in Neo-Confucianism

Notes
Bibliography
Index