Aortic Valve Transcatheter Intervention
Description
Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common heart valve anomaly, with a largely age-dependent prevalence, a calculated annual incidence rate in the range of 4-5% in general populations and up to 6% in patients aged 75 years and over.
Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was previously the only option available to patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis. After the first-in-human transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed by Alain Cribier in 2002, the treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic AS has been revolutionized. Since then, TAVI has grown exponentially, as a result of accruing evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy, and reduced invasiveness compared with SAVR. TAVI devices are continuously expanding to include several valve design options. As this strategy is continuously evolving to treat younger patients and lower-risk populations, aside from the long-term durability of the valve systems, procedural safety will become the focus of newer-generation devices.
This book is a practical handbook devoted to the optimization of TAVI procedures, through a focused containment of complications. Through an integrated evaluation of the clinical status, imaging techniques and laboratory findings, the authors provide readers with clear messages on preventive and therapeutic recommendations.
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About the Editors
Marco Zimarino, Institute of Cardiology "G. d'Annunzio" University, Interventional Cath Lab, ASL 2 Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy
Ron Waksman, MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain
Corrado Tamburino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico- San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Content
List of Contributors vii
Foreword xiii
Alain Cribier
1 Introduction 1
Marco Zimarino and Corrado Tamburino
Part I General Complications 7
2 Vascular Complications 9
Sebastiano Immè and Claudia I. Tamburino
3 Annular Rupture 17
Claudia Reddavid, Carmelo Sgroi, Corrado Tamburino, and Marco Barbanti
4 Coronary Obstruction 25
Henrique B. Ribeiro, Antonio Fernando D. Freire, and Josep Rodés-Cabau
5 Cerebrovascular Events 35
Luca Testa, Mattia Squillace, Antonio Popolo Rubbio, Matteo Casenghi, Michele Bellamoli, and Francesco Bedogni
6 Ventricular Perforation 45
Mei Chau, Alfonso Ielasi, and Azeem Latib
7 Valve Migration 55
Heath SL Adams, Tiffany Patterson, Simon Redwood, and Bernard Prendergast
8 Paravalvular Leaks 65
Joris Ooms, Zouhair Rahhab, and Nicolas M. Van Mieghem
9 Conduction Disturbances 79
Itsik Ben-Dor and Ron Waksman
10 Leaflet Thrombosis 91
Sam Dawkins, Tarun Chakravarty, and Raj Makkar
11 Bleeding 97
Francesco Radico, Raffaele Piccolo, Umberto Ianni, Sabina Gallina, and Marco Zimarino
12 Renal Dysfunction 109
Francesco Saia, Gabriele Ghetti, and Nevio Taglieri
Part II Specific Complications 117
13 Bicuspid Valve 119
Anna Franzone, Eugenio Stabile, Plinio Cirillo, and Giovanni Esposito
14 Degenerated Aortic Bioprosthesis 129
Tania Rodríguez-Gabella, Carlos Cortés, Alberto San Román, and Ignacio J. Amat-Santos
15 Low-Flow Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis 139
Francesco Cardaioli, Chiara Fraccaro, Tommaso Fabris, and Giuseppe Tarantini
16 Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation 147
Felice Gragnano, Carmen Spaccarotella, Andreina Carbone, Augusto Esposito, Paolo Calabrò, and Giampaolo Niccoli
17 Alternative Transcatheter Approaches 161
Marco De Carlo, Cristina Giannini, and Anna Sonia Petronio
18 Transapical and Direct Aortic Approach 171
Filippo Capestro, Paolo Berretta, Utz Kappert, and Marco Di Eusanio
19 Patients Needing Hemodynamic Support 179
Jacopo Andrea Oreglia, Federico De Marco, Francesco Soriano, and Stefano Nava
20 Coronary Angiography and Interventions After TAVI 189
Stefano Cannata, Matteo Perfetti, Tanya Salvatore, Caterina Gandolfo, and Nicola Maddestra
21 Complex Femoral Accesses 201
Damiano Regazzoli, Jorge Sanz-Sánchez, Giulio Stefanini, and Bernhard Reimers
22 Low-Risk Patients 211
Brian C. Case, Toby Rogers, and Ron Waksman
23 Gender Peculiarities 229
Ridhima Goel, Davide Cao, and Roxana Mehran
24 The Pathologist Perspective 237
Sho Torii, Yu Sato, Dipti Surve, Maria E. Romero, Aloke V. Finn, and Renu Virmani
25 Conclusion: What We Learnt from Clinical Trials and Real-World Experience 253
Paolo D'Arrigo, Piera Capranzano, and Davide Capodanno
Index 259
List of Contributors
Heath SL Adams
Department of Cardiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
Ignacio J. Amat-Santos
CIBERCV, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
Jacopo Andrea Oreglia
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
Itsik Ben-Dor
MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
Marco Barbanti
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico- San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Francesco Bedogni
IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy
Michele Bellamoli
IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy
Paolo Berretta
Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
Davide Cao
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Paolo Calabrò
Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Stefano Cannata
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
Filippo Capestro
Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
Davide Capodanno
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico- San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Piera Capranzano
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Andreina Carbone
Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Francesco Cardaioli
Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Brian C. Case
MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
Matteo Casenghi
IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy
Tarun Chakravarty
Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Mei Chau
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Plinio Cirillo
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Carlos Cortés
CIBERCV, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
Paolo D'Arrigo
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico- San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Sam Dawkins
Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Marco De Carlo
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
Federico De Marco
IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy
Augusto Esposito
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Giovanni Esposito
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Marco Di Eusanio
Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
Tommaso Fabris
Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Aloke V. Finn
CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
Anna Franzone
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Chiara Fraccaro
Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Antonio Fernando D. Freire
Heart Institute of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sabina Gallina
Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
Caterina Gandolfo
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
Gabriele Ghetti
Cardiology Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
Cristina Giannini
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
Ridhima Goel
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Felice Gragnano
Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Umberto Ianni
Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
Alfonso Ielasi
Clinical and Interventional Cardiology Unit, S. Ambrogio Cardio-Thoracic Center, Milan, Italy
Sebastiano Immè
Centro Cuore Morgagni, Pedara, Italy
Utz Kappert
Dresden Heart Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
Azeem Latib
Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Nicola Maddestra
Interventional Cath Lab, ASL 2 Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy
Raj Makkar
Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Roxana Mehran
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Stefano Nava
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
Giampaolo Niccoli
Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Joris Ooms
Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Tiffany Patterson
Department of Cardiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
Matteo Perfetti
Interventional Cath Lab, ASL 2 Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy
Anna Sonia Petronio
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
Raffaele Piccolo
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Antonio Popolo Rubbio
IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy
Bernard Prendergast
Department of Cardiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
Francesco Radico
Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
Zouhair Rahhab
Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Simon Redwood
Department of Cardiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
Claudia Reddavid
Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Bernhard Reimers
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
Damiano Regazzoli
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
Henrique B. Ribeiro
Heart Institute of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Josep Rodés-Cabau
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Tania Rodríguez-Gabella
CIBERCV, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
Toby Rogers
MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Maria E. Romero
CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
Francesco Saia
Cardiology Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
Tanya Salvatore
Institute of Cardiology "G. d'Annunzio University", Chieti, Italy
Jorge Sanz-Sánchez
Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardio Center, Humanitas Research...
