
Structures and Fracture eBook Collection
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Content
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Nomenclature
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1. SINTAP
- 1.2. FITNET
- 1.3. The Topic of the Present Book
- Chapter 2. Brief Overview on the Development of Flaw Assessment
- 2.1. General Aspects
- 2.2. Ligament Yielding
- 2.3. The TWI (The Welding Institute) Design Curve Approach
- 2.4. The Early FAD Approach of CEGB (Central Electricity Generating Board)
- 2.5. The EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) Approach
- 2.6. The Reference Stress Method of CEGB
- 2.7. The R6-Revision 3 Approach of CEGB
- 2.8. The Engineering Treatment Model (ETM) Approach of GKSS
- 2.9. The SINTAP Approach
- Chapter 3. Basic Features of SINTAP/FITNET
- 3.1. Fitness-for-Service
- 3.2. Potential Tasks of a SINTAP/FITNET Analysis
- 3.3. Multi-Optional Concept
- 3.4. FAD Versus CDF Analyses
- 3.5. Integrated Concept
- Chapter 4. The Input Parameters
- 4.1. Loading Input Parameters
- 4.1.1. General Considerations
- 4.1.2. Primary and Secondary Stresses
- 4.1.3. Definition of the Stress Profile for Use with the K-Factor
- 4.1.4. Definition of the Stress Profile for Yield Load Determination
- 4.2. Flaw Characterisation
- 4.2.1. Planar and Volumetric Flaws
- 4.2.2. Basic Crack Types
- 4.2.3. Crack Shape Idealisation
- 4.2.4. Interaction Effects of Multiple Cracks
- 4.2.5. Crack Re-characterisation
- 4.2.6. Crack Orientation and Projected Crack Depth
- 4.3. Deformation Characteristics of the Material
- 4.3.1. General Remarks
- 4.3.2. Engineering and True Stress-Strain Curve
- 4.3.3. Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus) and Poisson's Ratio
- 4.3.4. Yield Strength and Tensile Strength
- 4.3.5. Flow Stress
- 4.3.6. Strain Hardening Coefficient
- 4.3.7. Yield Strain (Lüders' Strain)
- 4.3.8. Tensile Data Relevant to Welds
- 4.3.9. Temperature and Strain Rate Dependency
- 4.4. Toughness Characteristics of the Material
- 4.4.1. General Remarks
- 4.4.2. The Fracture Toughness Transition Curve
- 4.4.3. Lower Shelf Fracture Toughness
- 4.4.4. Upper Shelf Fracture Toughness
- 4.4.5. Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
- 4.4.6. Constraint Dependency of Fracture Toughness
- 4.4.7. Reference Toughness Based on Charpy Data
- Chapter 5. The Model Parameters
- 5.1. The Stress Intensity Factor (K-Factor)
- 5.1.1. Sources for Analytical K-Factor Solutions
- 5.1.2. Types of Analytical K-Factor Solutions
- 5.1.3. Superposition of K-Factors
- 5.1.4. Treatment of Geometry Factor Solutions Available in Table Format
- 5.1.5. Individual Determination of K-Factors by Finite Element or Comparable Methods
- 5.2. Net Section Yield Load FY, Reference Stress sref and Ligament Yielding Lr
- 5.2.1. Methods for the Generation of Yield Load Solutions
- 5.2.2. Global vs. Local Yield Load
- 5.2.3. Conservatism in Yield Load Determination
- 5.2.4. Sources for Analytical Yield Load Solutions
- 5.2.5. Types of Analytical Yield Load Solutions for Homogenous Components
- 5.2.6. Equivalent Yield Load Solutions for Strength Mismatch Components
- Chapter 6. Structural Assessment
- 6.1. Acceptable or Critical Conditions of a Component
- 6.2. Assessment Based on the FAD Philosophy
- 6.2.1. The FAD
- 6.2.2. The Assessment Point (or Path)
- 6.2.3. Types of FAD Analysis
- 6.2.4. Non-unique Solutions
- 6.3. Assessment Based on the CDF Philosophy
- 6.3.1. The CDF Functions
- 6.3.2. The Determination of the Critical Condition
- 6.4. The f(Lr) Function According to the Different Analysis Levels
- 6.4.1. General Remarks
- 6.4.2. Option 0 ("Basic Option")
- 6.4.3. Option 1 ("Standard Option")
- 6.4.4. Option 3 (?Stress?Strain Defined OptionZ)
- 6.5. Examples for SINTAP/FITNET Analysis
- 6.5.1. Determination of the Critical Load
- 6.5.2. Determination of the Critical Crack Size
- 6.5.3. Determination of the Required Minimum Toughness
- 6.5.4. Determination of the Instability Load (R-Curve Analysis)
- 6.6. Combined Primary and Secondary Stresses
- 6.6.1. General Remarks
- 6.6.2. The Correction Term V in the FAD and CDF Approaches
- 6.6.3. The Determination of V
- 6.6.4. Welding Residual Stress Profiles
- 6.6.5. Examples of Analysis for Combined Primary and Secondary Stresses
- 6.6.6. Further Remarks on Welding Residual Stress Profiles
- 6.7. Constraint Effects
- 6.7.1. Consideration in the FAD and CDF Approaches
- 6.7.2. Example of an Assessment Including Constraint Effects
- 6.8. Mixed Mode Loading
- 6.8.1. General Aspects
- 6.8.2. FAD Analysis
- 6.8.3. CDF Analysis
- 6.9. Rapid Loading and Crack Arrest
- 6.9.1. General Aspects
- 6.9.2. Quasi-Static vs. Dynamic Analysis
- 6.9.3. Crack Arrest
- 6.10. Thin Wall Structures
- 6.10.1. General Aspects
- 6.10.2. Thin Wall Assessment Module
- 6.10.3. Examples of Thin Wall Assessments
- 6.11. Strength Mismatch
- 6.11.1. The Strength Mismatch Phenomenon
- 6.11.2. The Strength Mismatch Options
- 6.11.3. Examples of Option 2 Analysis
- 6.11.4. The Option 3 Mismatch Module
- 6.11.5. Further Aspects of Strength Mismatch
- 6.12. Weld Shape Imperfections
- 6.12.1. Weldment Specific K-Solutions
- 6.12.2. Misalignment
- 6.12.3. Example of an Assessment Taking into Account Misalignment
- 6.13. Reliability Aspects and Significance of the Results
- 6.13.1. General Aspects
- 6.13.2. Reserve Factors and Sensitivity Analysis
- 6.13.3. Reliability Analysis
- 6.13.4. Example of a Simplified Reliability Analysis
- 6.13.5. Partial Safety Factors
- 6.14. Potential Benefit of Applying Advanced Options and Modules
- Chapter 7. Validation Examples
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Pipelines and Pressurised Tubes
- 7.3. Thin Wall Structures
- 7.4. Strength Mismatched Configurations
- 7.5. Failure Investigation
- References
- Appendix: ?Fracture Toughness Test StandardsZ
- Glossary
- Index
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