List of Acronyms and Symbols

List of Acronyms

3GPP Third Generation Partnership standards bodies 5G Fifth generation wireless communications AEE average estimation error AFD average fading duration AGV autonomous guided vehicles AoA azimuth of arrival AoD azimuth of departure ARA acceptance rejection algorithm ARIMA autoregressive integrated moving average AS azimuth spread ASA array size adaptation CBM correlation-based model CCDF complementary cumulative distribution functions CLEAN an iterative beam removing technique COMET-EXIP covariance matching estimator-extended envariance principle CoMP cooperative multipoint COST Commission of Science and Technology CRLB Cramér-Rao lower bound DECT Digital European Cordless Telephone DER direction estimation range DFER Doppler frequency estimation range DI diffuse component DML deterministic maximum likelihood DoA direction of arrival DoD direction of departure DRAG dynamic range of array gain ECM environment characterization metric EM expectation-maximization Emp. empirical EoA elevation of arrival EoD elevation of departure ESPRIT estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques Est. estimated E-step expectation step F2M fixed to mobile FB Fisher-Bingham FFHMA fast frequency hopping multiple access FHMA frequency hopping multiple access GAM generalized array manifold GBDM geometry-based deterministic model GBSM geometry-based stochastic modeling GR Gerschgorin radii HFB higher frequency band HRPE high-resolution parameter estimation IMT international mobile telecommunications IS-GBSM irregular-shaped GBSM ISI improved initialization and search ISM industrial, scientific and medical bands JADE joint angle and delay estimation LCR level cross rate LoS line-of-sight MD mobile scatterer MEA method of equal area MEDS method of exact Doppler spread METIS Mobile and Wireless Communications Enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information Society MIMO multiple-input, multiple-output ML maximum likelihood MMEA modified method of equal area MODE method of direction estimation M-step maximization step MUSIC multiple signal classification NC-ML non-coherent-maximum-likelihood NFD Newton forward difference NGSM non-geometric stochastic models NLoS non-line-of-sight NSL normalized side-lobe level OLOS obstructed line-of-sight OMUSIC orthonormal-basis MUSIC OSM orthogonal stochastic measure PDF probability density function PDP power delay profile PE pseudo-envelope PMM propagation-motivated model PN pseudo-noise PSD power spectral density PSM parametric stochastic models RF radio frequency RIMAX Richter's maximum likelihood estimation RMSEE root mean square estimation error RS-GBSM regular-shaped GBSM Rx receiver SAGE space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization SCM spatial channel model SCME spatial channel model enhanced SD static scatterer SIOD space-invariance of determinant SISO single-input, single-output SML stochastic maximum likelihood SNR signal-to-noise ratio SoS sum of sinusoids SS specular-scatterer ST space time SVD singular-value decomposition SW switch TDL tap-delay line TDM time-division-multiplexing TEM transverse electric and magnetic wave Tx transmitter ULA uniform linear array V2V vehicle to vehicle Vec-MUSIC vector-MUSIC vMF von-Mises-Fisher VTD vehicular traffic density WINNER wireless world initiative new radio WSS wide-sense stationary WSSUS wide-sense stationary uncorrelated-scattering XPD cross-polarization discrimination

List of Symbols

real line complex plane -dimensional sphere domains Kronecker product Hadamard - that is, element-wise - product real part of the complex number given as an argument imaginary part of the complex number Frobenius form of the vector or matrix given as an argument absolute value of the given argument determinant of the matrix given as an argument trace of the matrix given as an argument Hermitian of the vector or matrix given as an argument transpose of the vector or matrix given an argument complex conjugate of the scalar given as an argument pseudo-inverse of the matrix given as an argument scalar product of the given arguments the Kronecker delta Dirac delta function an identity matrix of dimension given as an index diagonal...