
The Focusing Hypothesis
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Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments - given their tendency to encourage a "metalinguistic" strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.
The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
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Content
- THE FOCUSING HYPOTHESIS THE THEORY OF LEFT HEMISPHERE LATERALISED LANGUAGE RE-EXAMINED
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Notes on Terminology
- 1. Analytic and Holistic
- 2. Left and Right Hemisphere
- 3. Aphasia versus Dysphasia
- 4. Masculine Pronoun as the Unmarked Form
- Introduction
- Notes
- Chapter One. The Focusing Hypothesis
- 1.1 Defining Terms
- 1.1.1The Dual System
- 1.1.2 Focus and Information Processing
- 1.1.3 Formulae
- 1.1.4 Analytic and Holistic Processing
- 1.2 The Dynamic Relationship of the Two Systems
- 1.3 Juxtaposition
- 1.4 Proposition-Focused Language (PFL) and Language-Focused Language (LFL)
- 1.5 A Brief Justification for Holistic Language Processing
- 1.6 The Operation of the Holistic Mechanisms
- 1.6.1 How Formulae Work in Holistic Processing
- 1.6.2 Triggers to Analysis
- 1.7 Formulae in Language Processing
- 1.8 The Acquisition of Formulae
- 1.9 Strategies
- 1.10 The Right and Left Hemispheres
- Notes
- Chapter Two. Theoretical Issues
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Terminology
- 2.2.1 Vocalisation-Focused Language
- 2.2.2 Propositional
- 2.2.3 Proposition
- 2.3 The Reduction of Juxtapositional Complexity
- 2.3.1 Co-Ordination
- 2.3.2 Internalisation
- Notes
- Chapter Three. Support for the Structure of the Focusing Hypothesis
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 DualSystems
- 3.3 Optimal Processing
- 3.4 Holistic Processing
- 3.5 Strategies
- 3.6 Clausal Processing: Challenge and Support
- 3.7 Summary
- Notes
- Chapter Four. Experimental Psycholinguistic Studies
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Dichotic Listening Tests
- 4.3 Problems with the Dichotic Listening Test
- 4.3.1 Attention
- 4.3.2 Misclassifications
- 4.3.3 Free Recall
- 4.3.4 Memory Capacity
- 4.3.5 Stimuli
- 4.3.6 Data Analysis
- 4.3.7 Procedures
- 4.4 Tachistoscopic Tests
- 4.5 Verbal-Manual Interference Tasks
- 4.6 Lateral Eye Movement
- 4.7 Comments
- 4.8 Prediction: Language Focus in Experiments
- 4.8.1 The Nature of the Task
- 4.8.2 The Nature of the Stimulus
- 4.8.3 Test Environment
- 4.8.4 Type of Subject
- 4.8.5 Test Case: Ambiguity, Puns and Zeugma
- 4.9 The Scope for Controlling Focus in Experiments
- 4.9.1 Subject Type as the Primary Variable
- 4.9.1.1 Sex and the Strategy Option Range
- 4.9.1.2 Age and the Strategy Option Range
- 4.9.1.3 Education and the Strategy Option Range
- 4.9.2 Within Subject Variation
- 4.10 The Value of Psycholinguistic Data in Evaluating the Focusing Hypothesis
- Notes
- Chapter Five. Clinical Investigations
- 5.1Introduction
- 5.2 Left Hemisphere Lesion
- 5.2.1 Introduction
- 5.2.2 Broca's Aphasia
- 5.2.3 Wernicke9 s Aphasia
- 5.2.4 Conduction Aphasia
- 5.2.5 Other Types of Language Disorder
- 5.3 The Rôle of the Right Hemisphere in Language
- 5.3.1 Introduction
- 5.3.2 The Non-Linguistic Right Hemisphere
- 5.3.3 The Linguistic Right Hemisphere
- 5.4 Inconsistencies in the Clinical Data
- 5.4.1 Hemispherectomy
- 5.4.2 Split Brain
- 5.4.3 Token Test
- 5.4.4 Inhibition
- 5.4.5 Summary and Comment
- 5.5 Prediction: Disruption to the Processing Mechanisms in Left-Hemisphere-Damaged Patients
- 5.6 Prediction: Disruption to the Processing Mechanisms of Right-Hemisphere-Damaged Patients
- 5.7 Prediction: The Token Test
- 5.8 Prediction: The Effect of the Right Hemisphere Processing of Emotional & Intonational Cues on Beginner Readers & on Left- & Right-Hemisphere-Damaged Patients
- 5.9 Summary and Comments
- Notes
- Chapter Six. Neurophysiological Investigations
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Anatomy
- 6.2.1 Post-Mortem Examinations
- 6.2.2 In Vivo Examinations
- 6.2.2.1 Grey & White Matter
- 6.2.2.2 X-Radiology
- 6.2.2.2.1 Introduction
- 6.2.2.2.2 Transmission Computerised Axial Tomography (TCAT)
- 6.2.2.2.3 Cerebral Arteriography
- 6.2.2.3 Electrical Stimulation
- 6.3 Dynamic Studies
- 6.3 .1 The Wada Test
- 6.3.2 Brain Cell Activity
- 6.3.2.1 Introduction
- 6.3.2.2 Radioactive Tracing
- 6.3.2.2.1 Xenon-133
- 6.3.2.2.2 18-F-Fluorodeoxyglucose
- 6.3.2.2.3 Position Emission Tomography
- 6.3.2.3 Electrical Impulse Monitoring
- 6.3.2.3.1 Alpha Wave Measurement
- 6.3.2.3.2 Auditory Evoked Potentials
- 6.3.2.4 Summary
- 6.3.3 Discussion
- 6.4 Prediction: Detecting Right Hemisphere Activity
- Note
- Chapter Seven. Towards a Model for Output
- Notes
- Chapter Eight. Evaluating the Hypothesis
- Note
- Appendix
- Contents
- Brief Survey of Psycholinguistic Data
- Part V of the Token Test, Taken from Zaidel (1977:16) (Chapter 5.4.3 & 5.7)
- Examples of Speech from Hemispherectomy Patients (Chapter 5.6)
- Bibliography
- Index
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