Collective Memory and Oral Text

Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 17 Part I: Theoretical issues I Collective memory: definitions, types, functions ................... 21 1 Memory: collective or social? .............................................................. 21 2 Collective memory: literal or metaphorical? ..................................... 23 3 Collective memory: a sum total of individual memories, or a supraindividual construct? ................................................................... 25 4 Memory vs. history: relational possibilities ....................................... 26 4.1 Memory versus history: disintegrating approaches ................... 27 4.2 Memory versus history: integrating approaches ........................ 32 5 Collective memory: definitions and attributes .................................. 35 6 Collective memory: typological attempts .......................................... 40 7 Collective memory: functions ............................................................. 54 II Cultural heritage - memory - texts of culture .......................... 57 1 Memory as a carrier vs. memory carriers: preliminary remarks ........ 57 2 UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: definition and scope ............................................. 58 3 Cultural heritage as a building material of memory ......................... 59 4 Memory as a carrier of cultural heritage ............................................ 60 5 Text of culture as a manifestation of cultural heritage ..................... 63 5.1 Text of culture: what is it? ............................................................. 63 5.2 Text of culture: a survey of definitions ........................................ 64 5.3 Text of culture as a structure ........................................................ 65 5.4 Text of culture as a process ........................................................... 665.5 Linguistic (oral) text as a prototypical text of culture ............... 69 5.5.1 Texts of culture: an analogy to natural language ......... 72 5.5.2 Texts of culture as an amalgam of codes ....................... 72 5.5.3 Intersemiotic translation of texts of culture into natural language: selected issues .................................... 73 6 Cultural heritage · memory · texts of culture: research and analytical perspectives .......................................................................... 75 Part II: Memory in language - language-embedded III Memory depicted in linguistic metaphors .................................. 83 1 'Metaphor bridges reason and imagination' ...................................... 83 2 Memory in linguistic metaphors: a state of research ........................ 85 3 Memory as a structure and a process: specific elaborations ............ 86 4 Is memory a language-like entity? ...................................................... 98 IV Proper names as carriers of collective memory ..................... 103 1 Cooking as language and memory .................................................... 104 2 Names of dishes as carriers of declarative memory ........................ 106 3 Functions of dish names ..................................................................... 113 Part III: Memory and text - text memory V Oral text structure as a reflection of memory structure ..... 119 1 Oral text vis-a-vis oral memory ......................................................... 119 2 Text as a memory aid: recalling a text from memory ..................... 123 3 Text as a memory mirror: textual ways of expressing memory .... 125 3.1 Text structure based on intertextual memory .......................... 127 3.1.1 Intertextual memory: procedural dimension ............. 127 3.1.2 Intertextual memory: the structural dimension ........ 1303.2 Text structure based on associative memory (keywords) ...... 131 3.3 Text structure based on intertextuality-cum-association memory ......................................................................................... 139 VI Text variation as information about the collective memory functioning of a text ......................................................... 149 1 The double nature of a folklore text as collective memory information .......................................................................................... 149 2 Folklore text variation: from structure of a text to picture of an object ................................................................................................ 150 3 Morphological analysis as an examination of an oral text circulation in collective memory ....................................................... 154 4 Text in a social group's memory: circulation of an oral text .......... 155 5 Folklorism: from cultural to intercultural memory or dialogue with tradition and traditional ways of apprehending folklore .................................................................................................. 174 VII Memory figures versus memory aspects in oral texts .......... 199 1 Memory figures in a research perspective ........................................ 199 2 Memory in a functional perspective ................................................. 200 2.1 Time · narration · memory ....................................................... 200 2.1.1 Time vis-a-vis order of discourse ................................. 202 2.1.2 Time vis-a-vis order of events ...................................... 205 2.1.2.1 Creating the world of a narrative ................ 211 2.1.2.2 Time in creating a protagonist .................... 213 2.2 Space · narrative · memory ....................................................... 216 2.2.1 Space vis-a-vis order of discourse ................................ 217 2.2.2 Space vis-a-vis order of events ..................................... 218 3 Reconstructivism as an objective aspect of memory ...................... 231 3.1 Mythological reconstructivism .................................................. 232 3.2 Belief-oriented reconstructivism ............................................... 244 3.3 Apocryphal reconstructivism ..................................................... 247 3.4 Historical reconstructivism ........................................................ 251 3.5 Family-personal reconstructivism ............................................. 259 3.6 Ritual reconstructivism ............................................................... 261 4 Subjective aspect of memory: reference to a social group ............. 270 4.1 The addresser of a text ................................................................. 270 4.2 The addressee ............................................................................... 294 5 Functions of memory figures ............................................................. 298 Part IV: Memory and text genre - genre memory and genre non-memory VIII Memory types versus genre differentiation in folklore texts ............................................................................................................. 305 1 Genres of collective memory and non-memory ............................. 305 2 Folklore genre as a factor of collective memory and non-memory ........................................................................................ 306 3 Memory as a criterion of typologising folklore genres: mnemonic typology of texts of folklore .............................. 309 3.1 The Criteria of folklore genre differentiation ........................... 309 3.2 The memorates-fabulates distinction versus mnemonic typology of folklore genres ......................................................... 312 3.3 Features of memory figures versus genre differentiation of folklore texts ............................................................................. 313 3.4 Traditional and modern folklore genres in a memory theory perspective ........................................................................ 314 4. Transformations of folklore text genres: from communicative to cultural memories ........................................................................... 322Part V: Memory and linguistic style - style memory IX Memory as a distinguishing value of folk artistic style ....... 331 1 Collective memory style ..................................................................... 331 2 Folk artistic style in a folklorist perspective .................................... 332 3 Memory as a worldview category ...................................................... 333 3.1 Memory as a source of collectivity ............................................ 335 3.2 Memory as support of orality ..................................................... 337 4 Formula as a main exponent of memory ......................................... 338 5 Memory as a treasure of folklore, folklore as a narrative about memory ................................................................................................ 340 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 343 Sources .................................................................................................................. 367 List of Diagrams ............................................................................................... 369 List of Tables ....................................................................................................... 371