
Process, Image, and Meaning
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In Part One a model of sentences is put forward. The first chapter outlines the philosophical background of a theory of meaning. Chapter 2 gives a very short summary of recent proposals for a semantic model which considers image-like schemata. In Chapter 3 a realistic model of valence and basic predication is developed in detail. Chapter 4 treats multistability in meaning and the application of chaos theory and dissipative structures in semantics. Chapter 5 outlines the global framework of a stratified universe of meanings, and Chapter 6 prepares the way for Part Two: the analysis of narrative texts. Oral narratives of personal experience are the prototypical form in which experienced events are organized with the aim of remaking a piece of reality. In Chapter 7 a discrete grammar based on vectorial schemata is developed. Chapters 8 and 9 elaborate the "syntax of narratives" in Chapter 7. Chapter 10 progress to conversational dynamics.
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Content
- PROCESS, IMAGE, AND MEANING
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Dedication
- Table of contents
- PROLOGUE
- PART ONE. THE MEANING OF SENTENCES
- CHAPTER 1. MEANING AND REALITY
- 1 Concepts of meaning
- 1.1 Historical background
- 1.2 Modern theories of meaning
- 2 Meaning and imagination
- 3 Meaning and the impact of dynamical systems theory for semantics
- 4 Ecological realism and cognitive meaning
- 4.1 Ecological realism and Fodor's critique
- 4.2 The philosophical position of situation semantics
- 4.3 The experiential realism of cognitive semantics
- 4.4 The programme of realistic semantics
- 5 Levels of analysis in a realistic semantics
- 5.1 The methodological separation of syntax and semantics
- 5.2 The separation of form and substance
- 5.3 The level of pragmatics in a realistic model of meaning
- 6 The relevance of Einstein's relativity principle and quantum dynamics for a theory of meaning
- 6.1 Relativistic principles in the study of mind and language
- 6.2 Quantum dynamics in mind and language
- CHAPTER 2. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SOME PROPOSALS FOR A SEMANTICS USING IMAGE- AND PROCESS-SCHEMATA
- 1 Talmy's imaging systems and his "force dynamics
- 2 The image schemata proposed by George Lakoff
- 3 Techniques of imaginistic representation by Langacker
- 4 Spatial domains and matrices (proposals by Langacker and Talmy)
- 5 A criticism of imaginistic representations in the style of Talmy, Lakoff and Langacker
- 6 The representation of motion verbs in situation semantics
- CHAPTER 3. PROCESS AND IMAGE SCHEMATA IN THE LEXICON AND IN BASIC SYNTAX
- 1 Order phenomena in the ecology of man
- 2 Transitions between equilibrium phases and semantic schemata
- 3 The meaning of verbs
- 3.1 What is the meaning of verbs?
- 3.2 A cognitive behavioural framework for the analysis of verbs
- 3.3 Process semantics of the verbs of bodily motion
- 3.4 Process semantics of the verbs of action by one agent
- 3.4.1 The creation, the destruction and the regeneration of entities
- 3.4.2 The effect of an agent on the state of entities in its environment.
- 3.5 Process semantics of the verbs referring to the interaction of agents
- 3.5.1 The configurational structure of "giving
- 3.5.2 The energetic (intentional) structure of "giving
- 3.6 Elaboration of the basic ecological patterns in the semantics of verbs
- 3.6.1 Multi-modularity
- 3.6.2 Evaluation
- 3.6.3 Onomatopoeic "meaning" of verbs
- 4 Predication and basic syntax
- 4.1 Strong coupling in predication
- 4.2 Weak coupling in predication
- 5. Syntactic constituency and stable dynamic schemata
- CHAPTER 4. MULTISTABILITY, CHAOS AND DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES IN MEANING
- 1 Ambiguity and multistability in linguistic meaning (in relation to perceptual multistability)
- 1.1 A rough Classification of perceptual multistability
- 1.1.1 Immediate bistabilities in perception
- 1.1.2 The perception of textures
- 1.1.3 The spatial rotation in mental imagination
- 1.2 Ambiguities in the lexicon: some basic aspects
- 1.3 Perceptual scales underlying lexical ambiguity
- 1.4 Lexical ambiguity based on an emotional scale
- 1.5 Morphological and syntactic ambiguities
- 1.6 Semantic scales underlying syntactic ambiguity
- 1.7 Control-shift as an ambiguity of complex syntax
- 1.8 Textual ambiguities
- 2 Chaotic dynamics in the syntax and semantics of nominal structures
- 2.1 A linear network analysis and the indeterminacy of recursiveness in the noun phrase
- 2.1.1 Recursive application of the same modifier
- 2.1.2 Recursive application of different modifiers of the same category
- 2.1.3 Recursive application of different modifiers of different categories.
- 2.2 General feedback machines and recursiveness in the noun phrase
- 2.3 Indeterminacy and order in Noun + Noun compositions
- 3 Dissipative processes and vagueness in meaning
- 3.1 Semantic vagueness and variability
- 3.2 Metaphors and. metonymies as diffusive processes of meaning
- 4 Collective images and cultural symbols: speculations about archetypes
- CHAPTER 5. GLOBAL REPRESENTATIONAL SPACES
- 1 Two basic principles
- 2 A short description of the principal domains
- 2.1 A basic set of semantic roles
- 2.2 The domain: locomotion in space-time
- 2.3 The domain: change in a quality space
- 2.4 The domain: action and interaction
- 2.5 The domain: communicative and perceptual action
- 2.6 The domain: mental action
- 2.7 The special domain of speech acts
- 3 The impact of modality and propositional attitudes
- CHAPTER 6. BETWEEN SENTENCES AND NARRATIVE TEXTS
- 1 Negation
- 1.1 Strong negation
- 1.2 Weak negation with a vague predicate
- 1.3 Weak negation in the context of a category mistake
- 2 Conjunction and quantification
- 3 Dynamic consequence and implication
- PART TWO. THE MEANING OF ORAL NARRATIVES
- CHAPTER 7. NARRATIVE ANALYSIS AND AN IMAGINISTIC SYNTAX OF TEXTS
- 1 How to account for the "reality patterns" in oral narratives
- 2 Some notions from discrete dynamics
- 2.1 The notion of a discrete vector as a representation of motion and change
- 2.2 Cellular automata and dynamical systems
- 3 The basic vocabulary of imaginistic units
- 3.1 The space of imaginistic units and the notion of a unit vector
- 3.2 The set of basic monovalent imaginistic units
- 3.3 The set of bivalent imaginistic units.
- 3.4 The set of trivalent imaginistic units
- 4 The basic syntax of imaginistic units
- 4.1 The local syntax of imaginistic units
- 4.2 The global syntax of imaginistic units and some typical sequential patterns found in narratives
- 4.2.1 Parallel developments of protagonistic and antagonistic forces
- 4.2.2 Characteristic patterns of bivalent units
- 4.2.3 Trivalent units and the game of transfer/interaction
- 4.3 A relativistic frame for textual dynamics
- 5 Three types of narratives and their imaginistic structure
- 5.1 Empirical criteria for the classification of narrative units
- 5.2 Oral narratives of personal experience: a rich analysis at the local level
- 5.3 The textual structures in the oral narrative
- 5.4 Retelling in a textual experiment
- 5.5 The dynamic organization of a fairy tale
- 6 The imaginistic representation of negation, conjunction and anaphors
- 6.1 Negation in an imaginistic grammar of narratives
- 6.2 Conjunction of units and conjunction of several basic units in one unit
- 6.3 Anaphoric processes in imaginistic syntax
- CHAPTER 8. THE SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION OF IMAGINISTIC SYNTAX
- 1 A semantic interpretation of the basic vector space
- 1.1 The dimension t (text progression) of the vector space
- 1.2 The dimension r (referential space) of the vector space
- 2 The semantic interpretation of the imaginistic units (1-20)
- 2.1. Units without referential instability
- 2.2 Monovalent units with one referential instability (type: "fold", A2)
- 2.3 Monovalent units with one referential instability (type: "cusp", A3)
- 2.4 Bivalent units with one referential instability (type: "cusp", A3)
- 2.5 Trivalent units with two referential instabilities (type: "butterfly", A5)
- 3 The interpretation of syntactic principles in a semantic component
- 3.1 The principle of broken symmetry
- 3.2 The principle of dynamic coherence
- 3.3 The principle of temporal uniqueness
- CHAPTER 9. INFORMATION BASED ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL DYNAMICS
- 1 Language and the flow of information
- 2 The encoding of imaginistic information in an attribute-valuenotation
- 3 Textual dynamics beyond imaginistic syntax
- 3.1 Analysis of the syntactic projection of semantic roles in a short narrative
- 3.2 The thematic coherence and dynamics in a short narrative
- 3.3 Imaginistic dynamics and ?maginistic coherence
- 3.4 The analysis of semantic complexity in a longer narrative
- CHAPTER 10. CONVERSATIONAL DYNAMICS AND THE PRAGMATICS OF NARRATIVES
- 1 Conversational dynamics and the place of narratives in theconversational frame
- 2 The internal pragmatics of oral narratives
- EPILOGUE
- NOTES
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- NAMES INDEX
- SUBJECT INDEX
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